本文選題：單級自養(yǎng)脫氮工藝 + 超聲能量　； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：單級自養(yǎng)脫氮工藝具有工藝流程短、運行費用低等優(yōu)點,但由于功能菌群生長緩慢且易流失繼而影響脫氮效率。為改善不足,提高該工藝效率,本論文研究低強度超聲對單級自養(yǎng)脫氮工藝的影響,并將其應(yīng)用于生物膜反應(yīng)器,顆粒污泥反應(yīng)器和共包埋反應(yīng)器三種不同形式的單級自養(yǎng)脫氮工藝中,尋找低強度超聲和該工藝的最佳結(jié)合方式。首先利用低強度超聲對短程硝化反應(yīng)進行強化。實驗保持污泥濃度恒定,不斷增加超聲能量,發(fā)現(xiàn)在43.20 kJ時,亞硝酸菌活性最高,反應(yīng)速率提高25.44%；在此超聲能量條件下,隨著亞硝酸菌的污泥濃度從0.34 gVSS/L增加到1.03gVSS/L(即超聲能量密度從127.06 kJ/gVSS降低到41.94 kJ/gVSS),氨氧化速率呈現(xiàn)不斷上升的趨勢,但是繼續(xù)增加生物量,亞硝酸菌的氨氧化速率開始降低。因此,強化亞硝酸菌的最佳超聲能量密度為41.94 kJ/gVSS。進一步探索超聲輻射對生物活性影響的機理,結(jié)果表明：在最佳超聲能量密度下,亞硝酸菌的多糖、蛋白質(zhì)和胞外聚合物濃度分別提高18.32%,26.54%和22.05%,短程硝化反應(yīng)過程中關(guān)鍵酶——氨單加氧酶活性也增加36.94%。其次對厭氧氨氧化菌進行低強度超聲強化實驗。保持污泥濃度恒定,改變超聲能量；當(dāng)超聲能量為43.20 kJ時,總氮去除速率最大；在此超聲能量下,隨著污泥濃度由3.75 gVSS/L減少至1.19gVSS/L(即能量密度則從11.52 kJ/gVSS增加到34.56 kJ/gVSS)總氮去除率不斷增加,但繼續(xù)增加污泥濃度,反應(yīng)速率下降。若按一定比例同時提高或減少污泥濃度和超聲能量(即始終保持最佳能量密度為34.56 kJ/gVSS),則實驗組菌群的總氮去除速率基本相似,高于對照組約14.06%。對厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)中關(guān)鍵酶——肼脫氫酶(HDH)活性進行考察,發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)過43.20 kJ超聲處理(能量密度為34.56 kJ/gVSS)的厭氧氨氧化菌其HDH活性增加15.46%；而直接對HDH進行超聲能量為28.80 kJ處理后,其活性提高40.58%。實驗證明低強度超聲是促進酶活反應(yīng)而提高污泥脫氮速率�；谏鲜鲅芯拷Y(jié)果,通過連續(xù)運行反應(yīng)器實驗考察低強度超聲對單級自養(yǎng)脫氮工藝的長效促進作用。反應(yīng)器運行337天,第1-177天啟動三個反應(yīng)器用于功能菌的培養(yǎng)；第178-270天為穩(wěn)定運行階段,實驗結(jié)果表明：生物膜反應(yīng)器、共包埋反應(yīng)器和顆粒污泥反應(yīng)器總氮去除率分別為58.94%,55.90%和45.05%,其中生物膜反應(yīng)器脫氮性能最佳；第271-337天對三個反應(yīng)器施以超聲輻射,生物膜反應(yīng)器和顆粒污泥反應(yīng)器脫氮效率分別提高33.88%和22.18%,而共包埋反應(yīng)器無明顯提高。實驗結(jié)果證明低強度超聲能有效強化單級自養(yǎng)脫氮工藝的脫氮效率,顯著提高自養(yǎng)脫氮生物膜反應(yīng)器脫氮效率。
[Abstract]:Single stage autotrophic denitrification process has the advantages of short process flow and low operating cost, but the efficiency of denitrification is affected by slow growth of functional flora and easy loss of nitrogen removal. In order to improve the efficiency of this process, the effect of low intensity ultrasound on single stage autotrophic denitrification was studied and applied to biofilm reactor. In three different single-stage autotrophic denitrification processes of granular sludge reactor and co-embedded reactor, the best combination of low-intensity ultrasound and this process was found. First, the short-cut nitrification was strengthened by low-intensity ultrasound. The experiment kept the sludge concentration constant and continuously increased the ultrasonic energy. It was found that the activity of nitrite bacteria was the highest and the reaction rate increased 25.44% at 43.20 kJ. With the increase of sludge concentration from 0.34 gVSS/L to 1.03gVSS / L (that is, the ultrasonic energy density decreased from 127.06 kJ/gVSS to 41.94 kJ / g VSSN), the ammonia oxidation rate showed an increasing trend, but continued to increase the biomass, the ammonia oxidation rate of nitrite bacteria began to decrease. Therefore, the optimum ultrasonic energy density of the enhanced nitrite bacteria is 41.94 kJ / g VSSs. The effects of ultrasonic radiation on biological activity were further explored. The results showed that under the optimum ultrasonic energy density, the polysaccharide of nitrite bacteria, The concentration of protein and extracellular polymer increased by 18.32% and 22.05%, respectively, and the activity of ammonia monooxygenase, the key enzyme during short-course nitrification, was also increased by 36.94%. Secondly, the low-intensity ultrasonic enhancement test was carried out on anaerobic ammoniacal oxidizing bacteria. When the ultrasonic energy is 43.20 kJ, the removal rate of total nitrogen is the highest. As sludge concentration decreased from 3.75 gVSS/L to 1.19 g VSS / L (that is, energy density increased from 11.52 kJ/gVSS to 34.56 KJ / g VSSs), total nitrogen removal rate increased, but the reaction rate decreased with increasing sludge concentration. If the sludge concentration and ultrasonic energy were increased or decreased at the same time (that is, the best energy density was 34.56 KJ / g VSSN), the removal rate of total nitrogen in the experimental group was similar, which was higher than that in the control group about 14.06. The activity of hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH), a key enzyme in anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction, was investigated. It was found that the HDH activity of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria treated with 43.20 kJ ultrasound (energy density 34.56 kJ / g VSSs) increased 15.46%, while the ultrasonic energy of 28.80 kJ was directly applied to HDH. Its activity was increased by 40.58. It is proved that low intensity ultrasound can promote enzyme activity and increase sludge denitrification rate. Based on the above results, the long effect of low intensity ultrasound on single stage autotrophic denitrification was investigated by continuous running reactor. The results showed that the biofilm reactor was used in the biofilm reactor, and the three reactors were started for the culture of functional bacteria in 337 days and 1 to 177 days, and the stable operation stage was in the 178-270 days. The removal rates of total nitrogen in co-entrapment reactor and granular sludge reactor were 58.94% and 45.05%, respectively, in which biofilm reactor had the best denitrification performance, and ultrasonic radiation was applied to the three reactors on the 271-337 days. The denitrification efficiency of biofilm reactor and granular sludge reactor was increased by 33.88% and 22.18%, respectively, but the co-entrapment reactor did not. The experimental results show that low intensity ultrasound can effectively enhance the denitrification efficiency of single-stage autotrophic denitrification process and significantly improve the denitrification efficiency of autotrophic biofilm reactor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703.1

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本文編號：1839814