本文選題：調(diào)理劑 + 改性��； 參考：《河南工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)城市每年產(chǎn)生大約3000萬(wàn)噸的含水率為80%左右的污泥,如何合理的處理處置這些污泥,避免二次污染是我國(guó)環(huán)保工作的重點(diǎn)。其中污泥高溫好氧堆肥工藝是運(yùn)用較廣泛的方法之一。污泥高溫好氧堆肥工藝,是利用自然界中已經(jīng)有的或者人工培育的微生物,將污泥中的有機(jī)質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化為穩(wěn)定腐殖質(zhì)的方法,是一個(gè)生物化學(xué)過(guò)程。但污泥無(wú)法直接進(jìn)行堆肥,因其含水率高、孔隙率低,無(wú)法滿足堆肥所需要的理化條件,所以需要添加一些調(diào)理劑,來(lái)改善污泥堆肥過(guò)程。本課題主要通過(guò)對(duì)木質(zhì)調(diào)理劑進(jìn)行改性,以增強(qiáng)其調(diào)節(jié)污泥堆肥的作用。主要分為以下三部分:(1)對(duì)調(diào)理劑改性以增加其吸水性能使用濃度為10%的NaOH溶液對(duì)木質(zhì)調(diào)理劑改性后,調(diào)理劑的吸水性可提高42.3%,從掃描電鏡圖像可看出,NaOH改性調(diào)理劑有清晰的、通暢的導(dǎo)管,可以給液體的滲透提供良好的條件。而沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)NaOH處理的調(diào)理劑的導(dǎo)管則比較凌亂,并有很多物質(zhì)阻斷導(dǎo)管通路。經(jīng)紅外光譜分析,經(jīng)NaOH改性的調(diào)理劑沒(méi)有酯類的特征峰,這說(shuō)明NaOH改性去除了調(diào)理劑中的油脂,其親水性得到改善,吸水性增強(qiáng)。在污泥堆肥實(shí)驗(yàn)中可以看出,使用NaOH改性調(diào)理劑的實(shí)驗(yàn)組,其調(diào)理劑含水率峰值比對(duì)照組高4.1%,其污泥含水率下降幅度比對(duì)照組高5.82%,實(shí)驗(yàn)組升溫速率快,最高溫度比對(duì)照組高6.8℃,高溫期持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng),污泥含水率得到明顯降低,第7天已降至43.98%,但是實(shí)驗(yàn)組的NH3含量比對(duì)照組高。實(shí)驗(yàn)組的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量比對(duì)照低,堆肥效率高。(2)對(duì)調(diào)理劑改性以增加其除臭性能將調(diào)理劑在濃度25%的硫酸中浸泡12h,80℃烘干,其橫切面的碳化層厚度最大,達(dá)9.8mm,表面碳化效果較好。改性調(diào)理劑表面的碳化層結(jié)構(gòu)類似活性炭,有很好的吸氨效果,對(duì)氨氣的吸附能力可達(dá)到80%左右,在氨氣濃度1400ppm時(shí),調(diào)理劑的吸附效率達(dá)到90%。掃描電鏡圖像表明,改性調(diào)理劑沒(méi)有普通調(diào)理劑導(dǎo)管上附著的物質(zhì),形成了氣體和液體滲透的通道。經(jīng)紅外光譜分析,硫酸在碳化調(diào)理劑時(shí)除去了氨化物、芳香烴、脂肪氨和羥基等有機(jī)物質(zhì)。污泥堆肥實(shí)驗(yàn)中,使用硫酸改性調(diào)理劑堆肥污泥的實(shí)驗(yàn)組,其溫度比對(duì)照組低3.75℃,但其平衡堆體水分的能力比對(duì)照組好,堆肥第1天,實(shí)驗(yàn)組污泥的含水率下降幅度比對(duì)照組高3.1%。改性調(diào)理劑吸附NH3的能力比對(duì)照組高,可達(dá)到91.7%。實(shí)驗(yàn)組的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量比對(duì)照組高,堆肥效率低。(3)對(duì)調(diào)理劑進(jìn)行復(fù)合改性上述兩種改性方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)很明顯,將他們結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行復(fù)合改性。從掃描電鏡圖像可看出復(fù)合改性調(diào)理劑的導(dǎo)管紋路非常清晰,而且其紋孔膜已破裂,這在NaOH處理和硫酸處理中都未出現(xiàn),紋孔膜的破裂增加了調(diào)理劑的液體滲透性和氣體通透性。經(jīng)紅外光譜分析,可得知復(fù)合改性去除了調(diào)理劑中的酯類物質(zhì)、烯烴、氨化物、芳香烴、脂肪氨和羥基等有機(jī)物質(zhì)。復(fù)合改性調(diào)理劑表面的碳化層有更好的吸氨效果,對(duì)氨氣的吸附能力可達(dá)到90%左右,在氨氣濃度1540ppm時(shí),調(diào)理劑的吸附效率達(dá)到93%。其吸水性與NaOH改性調(diào)理劑的吸水性相似,在2160分鐘時(shí)的含水率比原樣高43.27%。將復(fù)合改性調(diào)理劑添加進(jìn)污泥中進(jìn)行堆肥實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)組的最高溫度比對(duì)照組高3.6℃,污泥含水率比對(duì)照組低11.08%,調(diào)理劑最大含水率比對(duì)照組高5%;其氨氣最大的吸收效率達(dá)81.7%,且實(shí)驗(yàn)組有機(jī)質(zhì)含量下降趨勢(shì)比對(duì)照組明顯,堆肥效率比對(duì)照組高。
[Abstract]:About 30 million tons of sewage sludge is produced in our city each year about 80% of water content. How to deal with these sludge reasonably and avoid two pollution is the focus of environmental protection work in our country. The process of aerobic composting of sludge at high temperature is one of the most widely used methods. It is a biochemical process to convert organic matter in sludge into stable humus, but the sludge can not be compost directly. Because of its high water content and low porosity, it is impossible to meet the physical and chemical conditions required by the composting. Therefore, some additives should be added to improve the process of sludge composting. Mainly through the modification of wood conditioner to enhance its effect on regulating the sludge compost, it is divided into three parts: (1) the modification of the conditioner to increase the water absorption capacity of the NaOH solution with the concentration of 10%, the water absorbability of the conditioner can be increased by 42.3%. From the scanning electron microscope images, the modified conditioning can be seen from the scanning electron microscope image. A clear, unobstructed catheter provides a good condition for the penetration of the liquid, while the catheter without the NaOH treated conditioner is more messy and has many substances blocking the catheter pathway. The NaOH modified conditioner has no characteristic peaks of the esters by infrared spectroscopy, indicating that the NaOH has been modified to remove the oil in the conditioner. The hydrophilic property is improved and the water absorbability is enhanced. In the sludge composting experiment, the experimental group with NaOH modifier is 4.1% higher than the control group, and the water cut rate of the sludge is 5.82% higher than that of the control group, the experimental group is faster than the control group, the highest temperature is 6.8 higher than the control group, and the duration of the high temperature period is longer. The water content of the sludge was obviously reduced to 43.98% in seventh days, but the content of NH3 in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The organic matter content of the experimental group was lower than the control and the composting efficiency was high. (2) the modification of the conditioner to increase its deodorization performance was soaked in the concentration of 25% sulfuric acid by the conditioner and dried at 80 centigrade, and the thickness of the carbonized layer of the transverse section was the largest. 9.8mm, the surface carbonization effect is better. The carbonated layer structure on the surface of the modifier is similar to the activated carbon. It has a good ammonia absorption effect. The adsorption capacity of the ammonia can reach about 80%. When the ammonia concentration is 1400ppm, the adsorption efficiency of the conditioner reaches to the 90%. scanning electron microscope image, and the modified conditioner has no material attached to the ordinary conditioner on the catheter. It has formed the passage of gas and liquid permeation. After the analysis of infrared spectroscopy, the sulfuric acid has removed the organic substances, such as ammoniate, aromatic hydrocarbon, fatty ammonia and hydroxyl, in the carbonization agent. In the experiment of sludge composting, the experiment group of the composting sludge with sulphuric acid modifier, its temperature is 3.75 lower than that of the illumination group, but its ability to balance the water of the reactor body is compared. After first days of composting, the water cut rate of the sludge in the experimental group was higher than the control group, which was higher than the control group. The organic matter content of the 91.7%. experimental group was higher than the control group, and the efficiency of the compost was lower than the control group. (3) the advantages and disadvantages of the two modification methods for the compound modification of the conditioner were obvious, and they would knot them. It is clear that the catheter pattern of the compound modifier is very clear from the scanning electron microscope image, and its striated membrane has broken down, which has not appeared in NaOH treatment and sulfuric acid treatment. The rupture of the striated membrane increases the liquid permeability and gas permeability of the conditioner. The organic substances such as esters, olefin, ammoniate, aromatics, fatty ammonia and hydroxyl were removed in the conditioner. The carbonization layer on the surface of the compound modifier had better ammonia absorption effect, and the adsorption capacity of ammonia could reach about 90%. When the ammonia concentration was 1540ppm, the adsorption efficiency of the conditioner reached 93%. its water absorption and NaOH modifier. The water absorbability is similar. The water cut in 2160 minutes is higher than the original sample by adding the composite modifier to the sludge to carry out the composting experiment. The maximum temperature of the experimental group is 3.6 degrees centigrade higher than the control group, the water content of the sludge is 11.08% lower than the control group, the maximum moisture content of the conditioner is 5% higher than the control group, and the maximum absorption efficiency of the ammonia gas is 81.7%, and the actual efficiency of the ammonia gas is 81.7%. The decreasing trend of organic matter content in the test group was obviously higher than that in the control group, and the compost efficiency was higher than that in the control group.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703;S141.4

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本文編號(hào)：1839163