本文選題：生態(tài)敏感性評價 + 水土保持區(qū)劃　； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)敏感性,指的是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對于人類干擾和自然變化的一種反映程度,其說明的是區(qū)域發(fā)生生態(tài)環(huán)境問題的可能性大小。區(qū)域生態(tài)敏感性越高,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)越容易受損,因此敏感性過高的區(qū)域,應(yīng)是保護(hù)及恢復(fù)的重點對象,同樣也應(yīng)該是人類活動受限或者禁止的地區(qū)。進(jìn)行生態(tài)敏感性評價可以分析生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,指導(dǎo)人類活動,促進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)。國內(nèi)對生態(tài)敏感性的研究,選取的指標(biāo)以自然因子為主,對人為因子指標(biāo)的考慮不夠;研究的尺度方面基本都以省、市、區(qū)為主,還沒有以對水土保持分區(qū)為尺度進(jìn)行的敏感性評價。本文綜合考慮自然和人為兩大因子,構(gòu)建江蘇省生態(tài)敏感性評價指標(biāo)體系,利用改進(jìn)的層次分析法確定指標(biāo)權(quán)重,基于GIS空間分析功能,以250m×250m柵格為單元,通過加權(quán)求和,進(jìn)行江蘇省生態(tài)敏感性綜合評價,同時結(jié)合江蘇省最新的水土保持區(qū)劃,開展水土保持三級分區(qū)生態(tài)敏感性評價。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)生態(tài)敏感性分為不敏感、輕度敏感、中度敏感和高度敏感四個等級,并主要以輕度及中度敏感為主,其中不敏感區(qū)、輕度敏感區(qū)、中度敏感區(qū)及高度敏感區(qū)面積比例分別為 14.35%,43.13%,30.39%和 12.12%。(2)全省19個水土保持分區(qū)生態(tài)敏感性程度排名由低到高分別為:7區(qū)、8區(qū)、19區(qū)、18區(qū)、9區(qū)、12區(qū)、4區(qū)、5區(qū)、10區(qū)、6區(qū)、14區(qū)、1區(qū)、15區(qū)、11區(qū)、2區(qū)、13區(qū)、3區(qū)、16區(qū)、17區(qū),其中有7個區(qū)生態(tài)敏感性總體評價偏敏感,12個區(qū)生態(tài)敏感性總體評價較適中。在選取指標(biāo)方面,研究對江蘇省進(jìn)行的生態(tài)敏感性評價,嘗試性的加入人為因子,能基本反映人口密度、建設(shè)強(qiáng)度和人為干擾強(qiáng)度大的江蘇省生態(tài)環(huán)境特點,并為其它經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)省份提供借鑒;在評價尺度方面,對全省19個水土保持分區(qū)進(jìn)行生態(tài)敏感性評價,可以結(jié)合水土保持基礎(chǔ)功能和敏感性評價結(jié)果,共同參與到水土保持治理工作中,為水土保持的規(guī)劃提供科學(xué)的參考。
[Abstract]:Ecological sensitivity refers to the degree of response of ecosystem to human disturbance and natural change, which indicates the possibility of ecological and environmental problems occurring in the region. The higher the regional ecological sensitivity, the more vulnerable the ecosystem is. Therefore, the region with high sensitivity should be the key object of protection and restoration, and should also be the restricted or forbidden area of human activities. Ecological sensitivity assessment can analyze ecological environment problems, guide human activities and promote ecological environment protection. In domestic studies on ecological sensitivity, the selected indicators are mainly natural factors, but not enough for human factors. The scale of the study is basically provincial, municipal and district. There is no sensitivity evaluation on the scale of soil and water conservation zoning. Considering both natural and man-made factors, this paper constructs an index system of ecological sensitivity evaluation in Jiangsu Province. The index weight is determined by using the improved Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Based on the spatial analysis function of GIS, the 250m 脳 250m grid is taken as the unit, and the weighted summation is adopted. A comprehensive evaluation of ecological sensitivity of Jiangsu Province was carried out. At the same time, combined with the latest regionalization of soil and water conservation in Jiangsu Province, the ecological sensitivity evaluation of soil and water conservation zone was carried out. The main results are as follows: (1) Ecological sensitivity is divided into four grades: insensitivity, mild sensitivity, moderate sensitivity and high sensitivity. The proportion of area of moderate sensitive area and highly sensitive area were 14.350.39% and 12.120.39%, respectively.) the ecological sensitivity degree of 19 soil and water conservation zonation in the whole province was from low to high. The rank of ecological sensitivity of 19 soil and water conservation zonation in the whole province were respectively: 1. 7, 0. 7, 0. 8, 0. 19, 1. 18,. Area No. 1, area No. 1, area No. 15, area No. 11, area No. 11, area No. 2, area No. 13, area No. 13, area No. 3, area No. 16, area No. 17, The overall ecological sensitivity of 7 regions was relatively sensitive, while that of 12 regions was moderate. In the aspect of selecting indexes, the ecological sensitivity evaluation of Jiangsu Province is studied. The artificial factor is added to Jiangsu Province, which can basically reflect the characteristics of the ecological environment of Jiangsu Province, where the population density, the intensity of construction and the intensity of human disturbance are high. The ecological sensitivity evaluation of 19 soil and water conservation zones in the province can be combined with the basic function of soil and water conservation and the results of sensitivity evaluation. To participate in soil and water conservation management and provide scientific reference for soil and water conservation planning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S157;X826

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