本文選題：水質評價 + 富營養(yǎng)化　； 參考：《吉林大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展、人口迅速膨脹的過程，自然水體中所受納的污染物總量逐年增加，城市飲用水源地污染日益加重。新立城水庫是長春市飲用水源地，近年來富營養(yǎng)化所引起的藍藻爆發(fā)事件的發(fā)生頻率和規(guī)模不斷上升，威脅到飲用水供應安全，嚴重時期導致水廠暫停供水，嚴重影響力居民的生活和工業(yè)企業(yè)的發(fā)展。 為全面系統(tǒng)地查清新立城水庫飲用水水源地的環(huán)境基礎狀況，建立并完善基礎信息，準確掌握飲用水水源地周邊污染源分布特點及排放現(xiàn)狀、水源地水質現(xiàn)狀，構建飲用水保障體系、制定科學有效的水源地污染防治方案、提出可行的水源地管理對策，解決城市飲用水安全問題。本文在進行新立城水庫水源地現(xiàn)狀調查、水質評價與分析的基礎上，核算污染負荷，為水源地污染防治工作的開展奠定基礎，為進一步推動水源地保護工作提供科學依據(jù)，主要研究成果如下： （1）通過對新立城水庫2003~2013年主要污染物常規(guī)監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的分析可知，化學需氧量、總氮和總磷超標，2009年、2011年水庫為中營養(yǎng)化，其余年份均為輕度富營養(yǎng)化。 新立城水庫水源保護區(qū)內主要的點源污染為塑料廠、水泥管廠、塑鋼廠和選礦廠等，主要的非點源污染包括保護區(qū)周圍農(nóng)村居民生活污水、農(nóng)田徑流面源污染、畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染和交通運輸潛在風險。 （2）通過計算得到新立城水庫水源保護區(qū)的內源污染、生活污水、農(nóng)田徑流、畜禽糞便、工業(yè)污水污染負荷，估算COD、NH3-N、TN、TP入庫量分別為7456t/a、37t/a、15448t/a、3875t/a，匯水區(qū)內COD入庫量中面源污染為主要污染源，占比85%。面源污染中，畜禽養(yǎng)殖COD入庫貢獻率最大，占49%，農(nóng)田徑流次之，占35%。TN入庫量中，，農(nóng)田徑流排在首位，占96%，畜禽養(yǎng)殖占4%。 研究區(qū)負荷量最大的區(qū)域為伊通鎮(zhèn)、伊丹鎮(zhèn)和營城子鎮(zhèn)，伊通鎮(zhèn)氮、磷的負荷量大主要是耕地面積大，且水田較多，氮、磷多隨地表徑流進入伊通河、伊丹河，最終進入水庫。 （3）對比水庫保護區(qū)各主要污染物的水環(huán)境容量和污染物的排放量可知，只有強制削減COD、總氮和總磷的排放量，才能滿足水庫的環(huán)境容量，以保障水質達標。近期削減量分別為5216t/a、15001t/a和4176t/a，遠期削減量分別為5795t/a、15932t/a和4222t/a。 （4）針對新立城水庫水源地污染現(xiàn)狀，提出污染防治方案，一級保護區(qū)內主要采用內源污染防治措施、封閉式管理、隔離防護和濕地建設；二級保護區(qū)內分點源和非點源兩類污染源分別進行污染防治。提出建立科學的監(jiān)督管理體系、建設飲用水水源地監(jiān)控信息系統(tǒng)、加強管理者相關技術培訓監(jiān)督管理考核體制、建設水源地綜合執(zhí)法體系的新立城飲用水源地綜合管理防治措施。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the rapid expansion of population, the total amount of pollutants absorbed in the natural water increased year by year, and the pollution of the drinking water source increased day by day. Xinlicheng Reservoir is the source of drinking water in Changchun City. In recent years, the frequency and scale of cyanobacteria outbreaks caused by eutrophication have been increasing, threatening the safety of drinking water supply and causing water plants to suspend water supply in serious period. A serious influence on the lives of residents and the development of industrial enterprises. In order to find out the environmental basic condition of drinking water source of Xinlicheng Reservoir, to establish and perfect basic information, to accurately understand the distribution characteristics of pollution sources around drinking water source and the present situation of discharge, and the present situation of water quality in the source area of drinking water. In order to solve the problem of drinking water safety, it is necessary to construct a drinking water security system, formulate a scientific and effective water source pollution prevention and control scheme, and put forward feasible water source management countermeasures to solve the problem of urban drinking water safety. On the basis of investigation, water quality evaluation and analysis of the water source area of Xinliteng Reservoir, this paper calculates the pollution load, lays the foundation for carrying out the pollution prevention and control work of the water source area, and provides the scientific basis for further promoting the protection of the water source area. The main findings are as follows: 1) by analyzing the regular monitoring data of main pollutants from 2003 to 2013 in Xinlicheng Reservoir, we can see that the chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus exceed the standard. In 2009 and 2011, the reservoir was moderately nutritious, and the other years were mild eutrophication. The main point source pollution in the water source protection area of Xinlicheng Reservoir is plastic plant, cement pipe factory, plastic steel plant and concentrator, etc. The main non-point source pollution includes domestic sewage from rural residents around the reserve, non-point source pollution from farmland runoff. Livestock and poultry breeding pollution and transportation potential risks. (2) the internal pollution, domestic sewage, farmland runoff, animal manure and industrial sewage pollution load of Xinlicheng Reservoir Water Source Protection area were calculated. The estimated inputting amount of COD NH 3-N + TNTP was 7456t / a ~ 37t / a / a ~ 15448t / a ~ 3875t / a, respectively. The main source of pollution was the COD input volume in the catchment area. Account for 85%. Among the non-point source pollution, the contribution rate of livestock and poultry COD was the largest, accounting for 49%, and farmland runoff was the second, accounting for the first, 96% and 4% of 35%.TN. The largest load areas in the study area are Yitong Town, Yidan Town and Yingchengzi Town, Yitong Town, and Yitong Town. The large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus load is mainly due to the large area of cultivated land and more paddy fields. Nitrogen and phosphorus mostly enter the Yitong River, Yidan River, and finally into the reservoir with the surface runoff. 3) comparing the water environmental capacity of major pollutants and the discharge of pollutants in reservoir protection area, we can see that only by reducing the discharge of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, can the environmental capacity of the reservoir be satisfied and the quality of water be guaranteed to meet the standard of water quality. The recent cuts were 5216 t / a 15001t / a and 4176 t / a, respectively, and the forward reductions were 5795 t / a 15932 t / a and 4222 t / a respectively. (4) aiming at the present situation of water source pollution in Xinliteng Reservoir, the pollution prevention scheme is put forward. In the first class reserve, the main measures are internal pollution prevention and control, closed management, isolation and protection and wetland construction. Two kinds of pollution sources, point source and non-point source, were prevented and controlled respectively. It is proposed to establish a scientific supervision and management system, to build a monitoring information system for drinking water sources, and to strengthen the supervision, management and examination system of relevant technical training for managers. Comprehensive management and prevention measures of drinking water source in Xinli city.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X524

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