本文選題：電子廢棄物 + 廢塑料��； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：2014年,全球產(chǎn)生了4.18×1010kg的電子廢棄物,我國是電子廢棄物的主要產(chǎn)生地,電子廢棄物中含有重金屬以及多氯聯(lián)苯和多溴聯(lián)苯醚等有機(jī)污染物,資源化過程容易發(fā)生二次污染,對生態(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重的影響。電子廢棄物是“城市礦產(chǎn)”的重要組成部分,利用化學(xué)法、物理法和生物法等技術(shù)可以提取有色金屬和稀貴金屬,實(shí)現(xiàn)電子廢棄物的環(huán)境價(jià)值和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值,因此,電子廢棄物是我國循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)重要組成部分。家用電器和電子設(shè)備中包含種類繁多的塑料,約占家電總重的11-60%。由于塑料價(jià)格遠(yuǎn)低于金屬,因此,我國長期以來一直呈重金屬輕塑料的局面。塑料再生具有重要的資源、環(huán)境效益,不僅降低原生塑料生產(chǎn)過程能源消耗,而且節(jié)約石油等資源,同時(shí)再生制品本身具有一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。不同種類的塑料熔化溫度不同,熔化參合時(shí)相互之間化學(xué)不相容,造成混合塑料的材質(zhì)性能指標(biāo)差,影響廢塑料的循環(huán)利用,電子廢棄物殼體塑料種類繁多,對其直接進(jìn)行再加工會影響加工產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和性質(zhì)。因此,為了達(dá)到電子廢棄物殼體塑料高值化利用,前提條件是實(shí)現(xiàn)塑料純化,利用分選技術(shù)得到高純度的單一塑料。潤濕劑可以降低分選液的表面張力,也可以吸附于塑料表面改變塑料表面化學(xué)特性,使塑料被分選液選擇性潤濕；針對包含PET的混合塑料,經(jīng)過堿液和添加劑的處理,可以擴(kuò)大PET與其他塑料親疏水性之間的差異。本研究利用密度分選技術(shù)和浮選技術(shù)分選混合塑料,深入探討了介質(zhì)和潤濕劑對密度分選效果的影響,進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化了密度分選工藝參數(shù)；研究了潤濕劑和添加劑等助劑對浮選結(jié)果的影響,建立了浮選助劑體系,研發(fā)分選技術(shù)體系,為電子廢棄物殼體塑料分選技術(shù)工業(yè)化提供了技術(shù)支撐。本研究選取9種常用的塑料分組混合,利用密度分選技術(shù)進(jìn)行分離,其中,分組情況分別為第1組PVC(或POM或PET)/PC、第2組PC/PA6、第3組PA6/PS(或ABS)、第4組PS(或ABS)/HEPE、第5組HDPE/PP,討論了介質(zhì)種類、密度以及潤濕劑對密度分選結(jié)果的影響,結(jié)果表明,可通過CaCl2溶液(1.30g/mL)、NaCl溶液1.16g/mL)、NaCl溶液(1.09g/mL)、自來水(1.00g/mL)和C2H5OH溶液(0.90g/mL)逐級分選PVC(或POM或PET)、PC、PA6、PS(或ABS)、HDPE和PP,其中,30mg/L的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚系列7醚(NP-7)有助于提高PVC、POM、PC和PS的分選率,所有塑料的分選率均達(dá)100%。在最佳的密度分選助劑體系下,通過調(diào)節(jié)密度分選槽的工藝參數(shù),可使90%的目標(biāo)下沉料進(jìn)入槽體的收集區(qū),實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)式密度分選。分選第1組至第5組混合塑料的最佳流量分別為8.5L/min、8.0L/min、5.0L/min、9.0L/min和11.0L/min,分選第1組至第5組混合塑料的最佳攪拌速率分別為500rpm/min、400rpm/min、500rpm/min、 250rpm/min和500rpm/min,密度分選技術(shù)體系得到構(gòu)建。利用浮選技術(shù)分選PET/PC/PS和PET/PVC/PS兩組混合塑料,.第一步先從混合塑料中分離PS,利用60mg/L的十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)溶液作為浮選液,經(jīng)過30min潤濕,在合適的浮選設(shè)備條件下使PS分選率達(dá)100%；第二步是分選PET/PC或PET/PVC,利用1-3mol/L的NaOH溶液和8mmol/L的癸二酸二丁酯(DBS)溶液對混合塑料分別進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,處理時(shí)間分別為30min和15rmin,在適當(dāng)?shù)母∵x條件下, PET/PC或PET/PVC成功分離,其中,PC的上浮率為97%,PVC的上浮率為93%,PET的下沉率為96%。
[Abstract]:In 2014, 4.18 * 1010kg of electronic waste was produced in the world. China is the main production site of electronic waste. There are heavy metals in the electronic waste and organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyl and polybrominated biphenyl ethers. The process of resource utilization is easily polluted by two times. The electronic waste is a "urban mineral". The important components of the system are the use of chemical, physical and biological techniques to extract nonferrous metals and rare precious metals, and to realize the environmental and economic value of electronic waste. Therefore, electronic waste is an important part of China's circular economy. Because the price of plastic is far lower than metal, the situation of heavy metals and light plastics has been present in our country for a long time. Plastic regeneration has important resources and environmental benefits. It not only reduces energy consumption in the production process of primary plastics, but also saves oil and other resources. At the same time, the recycled products have some economic benefits. Different kinds of products have different kinds of economic benefits. The melting temperature of the plastics is different, and the chemical incompatibility between the melting and joining is made. The material properties of the mixed plastic are poor, the recycling of the waste plastic is affected, and there are a wide variety of plastics in the electronic waste shell. The direct reprocessing will affect the quality and quality of the processed products. The precondition is to purify the plastic and obtain the single plastic with high purity by the separation technology. The wetting agent can reduce the surface tension of the separation liquid, and can also adsorb on the plastic surface to change the chemical surface chemical properties of the plastic, and make the plastics be wetted selectively by the separation liquid; the needle is mixed with PET, through the alkali solution and the additive. The difference between the hydrophobicity of PET and other plastics can be expanded. In this study, the density separation technology and flotation technology are used to separate the mixed plastic. The influence of the medium and wetting agent on the density separation effect is discussed, the density separation process parameters are further optimized, and the flotation results are studied. The flotation auxiliaries system was established and the separation technology system was developed to provide technical support for the industrialization of electronic waste shell plastics separation technology. This study selected 9 kinds of commonly used plastic groups and separated by density separation technology. Among them, the grouping situation was divided into first groups of PVC (or POM or PET) /PC, second groups of PC/PA6, third groups of PA 6/PS (or ABS), fourth groups of PS (or ABS) /HEPE, and fifth groups of HDPE/PP, discuss the influence of the type of medium, density and the wetting agent on the density separation result. The results show that the CaCl2 solution (1.30g/mL), NaCl solution 1.16g/mL), NaCl solution (1.09g/mL), tap water and aqueous solution are selected. S), HDPE and PP, among which, 30mg/L's nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether series 7 ether (NP-7) helps to improve the separation rate of PVC, POM, PC and PS. The separation rate of all plastics can reach 100%. under the best density sorting assistant system. By adjusting the process parameters of the density sorting trough, 90% of the target sink can be entered into the collection area of the tank, and the continuous type can be realized. The optimum flow rate of first to fifth groups of mixed plastics was 8.5L/min, 8.0L/min, 5.0L/min, 9.0L/min and 11.0L/min respectively. The optimum mixing rate of the mixed plastics from first to fifth groups was 500rpm/min, 400rpm/min, 500rpm/min, 250rpm/min and 500rpm/ min, and the density separation technology system was constructed. Flotation technology was used. PET/PC/PS and PET/PVC/PS two groups of mixed plastics were selected. The first step was to separate PS from the mixed plastic, and the twelve alkyl sodium sulfate (SDS) solution of 60mg/L was used as the flotation liquid, and the PS separation rate was 100% under the 30min wetting condition. The second step was to separate PET/PC or PET/PVC, and the NaOH solution and 8mmol/L of 1-3mol/L were used. The two butyl sebacate (DBS) solution was pre treated with 30min and 15rmin respectively. Under appropriate flotation conditions, PET/PC or PET/PVC was successfully separated, of which the floating rate of PC was 97%, the floating rate of PVC was 93%, and the subsidence rate of PET was 96%..

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X705

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