本文選題：乳液聚合法 + 磁性�。� 參考：《南京理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：石油及其制品在人類的日常生活中有著極其重要的作用,然而經(jīng)常發(fā)生的石油泄漏事故不僅給自然生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來了巨大的影響,而且威脅到了人類社會的生存和發(fā)展。目前,使用吸油材料處理水面溢油是行之有效的方法之一,但是當(dāng)前使用的吸油材料存在著很多的缺陷,比如油水選擇性差、漂浮性差、容易引發(fā)對環(huán)境的二次污染等等,所以研發(fā)新型的吸油材料顯得非常重要。本論文集中研究了基于乳液聚合法制備疏水親油的納米吸油材料,主要內(nèi)容包括以下兩個部分：1.以納米四氧化三鐵和苯乙烯單體為原料,以十二烷基苯磺酸鈉為乳化劑,以二乙烯苯為共聚單體,以偶氮二異丁腈為引發(fā)劑,通過乳液聚合法制備了磁性聚苯乙烯納米吸油材料,其中最佳十二烷基苯磺酸鈉的投加量為500mg,二乙烯苯的最佳加入量為0.5mL。所制備的納米粒子具有良好的磁響應(yīng)性和漂浮性能,水滴接觸角為142.1°,具有不錯的疏水性能。所制備的納米吸油材料對柴油的吸附倍率為2.4g/g,并且在循環(huán)5次之后仍保有最大吸附倍率的87.5%。2.確定了以二次乳液聚合這一工藝方法制備PMMA包覆改性的磁性聚苯乙烯納米吸油材料,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)單體的最佳加入量為1.5mL。改性后的納米吸油材料仍然保持著很好的磁響應(yīng)性、漂浮性以及疏水親油性。改性后的納米吸油材料對柴油的吸附倍率為3.6g/g,比未改性之前提高了50%,這主要歸因于PMMA中含有更多的甲基和酯基,并且通過二次乳液聚合,高分子的包覆量達到了55%,與油分子之間的范德華力有較大提升。改性后的納米吸油材料對色拉油和潤滑油的吸附倍率分別為4.26和9.41g/g,油品的粘度越高,吸附倍率越大。改性后的吸油材料對于柴油和色拉油可在30s即達到吸附飽和,而對于潤滑油則需要1個小時以上。油膜厚度對改性后材料的吸油能力影響較小,pH值和鹽分對材料的穩(wěn)定性幾乎沒有影響。材料的吸油機制應(yīng)該為包藏型和凝膠型吸油機理的組合。循環(huán)10次后,吸油倍率下降為3.22g/g,為第一次吸附倍率的89%,說明材料有著很好的循環(huán)使用能力。
[Abstract]:Oil and its products play an extremely important role in the daily life of human beings. However, the frequent oil spill accidents not only bring great influence to the natural ecological environment, but also threaten the survival and development of human society. At present, the use of oil-absorbing materials to treat oil spills on the water surface is one of the effective methods. However, the oil absorption materials currently used have many defects, such as poor selectivity of oil and water, poor floatability, easy to cause secondary pollution to the environment, and so on. So it is very important to develop new oil absorbent materials. In this paper, the preparation of hydrophobic and oil-hydrophilic nano-absorbent materials based on emulsion polymerization is studied. The main contents are as follows: 1. Nano-ferric tetroxide and styrene monomer were used as raw materials, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as emulsifier, diethylbenzene as copolymerization monomer, azodiisobutyronitrile as initiator. The magnetic polystyrene nano-absorbent material was prepared by emulsion polymerization. The optimum dosage of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and divinylbenzene was 500 mg and 0.5 mL, respectively. The prepared nanoparticles have good magnetic response and floating performance, the contact angle of water droplets is 142.1 擄, and the nanoparticles have good hydrophobic properties. The adsorption ratio of the prepared nano-absorbent to diesel oil is 2.4 g / g, and 87.5% of the maximum adsorption ratio is maintained after 5 cycles. The method of secondary emulsion polymerization was used to prepare magnetic polystyrene nano-absorbent material coated with PMMA. The optimum addition amount of methyl methacrylate monomer was 1.5 mL. The modified nano-materials still have good magnetic response, floatability and hydrophobicity. The adsorption ratio of the modified nano-absorbent to diesel oil is 3.6 g / g, which is 50% higher than that before modification. This is mainly due to the fact that PMMA contains more methyl and ester groups and is polymerized by secondary emulsion polymerization. The encapsulation of the polymer reaches 55 and the van der Waals force between the oil molecules is greatly enhanced. The adsorption ratio of the modified nano-absorbent to salad oil and lubricating oil is 4.26 and 9.41 g / g, respectively. The higher the viscosity of oil is, the greater the adsorption ratio is. The modified absorbent can reach adsorption saturation in 30 s for diesel oil and salad oil, but more than 1 hour for lubricating oil. The oil film thickness has little effect on the oil absorption ability of the modified materials. The pH value and the salt content have little effect on the stability of the modified materials. The oil absorption mechanism of the material should be a combination of the encapsulation type and the gel type oil absorption mechanism. After 10 cycles, the oil absorption ratio decreased to 3.22 g / g, which was 89 times of the first adsorption rate, which shows that the material has good recycling ability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X55;TB383.1

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