本文選題：溶解性有機(jī)質(zhì) + 活性氧物種　； 參考：《江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：環(huán)境土壤、水體中各類有機(jī)農(nóng)藥大量積累,已經(jīng)成為農(nóng)業(yè)濕地土壤污染及地表水主要的污染源。水中普遍存在的溶解態(tài)有機(jī)質(zhì)(DOM)誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生的活性氧物種(ROSs)對環(huán)境中有機(jī)農(nóng)藥的降解有重要的意義。農(nóng)田作為特殊的濕地環(huán)境,其產(chǎn)生的ROSs的種類和濃度可能受到人為干擾的影響,使得對農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境中有機(jī)農(nóng)藥可能存在不同的降解行為。本文研究了稻田來源的腐殖質(zhì)和藕塘來源的腐殖質(zhì)對兩種殺菌農(nóng)藥——三環(huán)唑和咪鮮胺的光解動力學(xué)和影響因素。通過提取撫河二灌區(qū)源頭水稻田和藕塘的表層水和沉積物中的腐殖質(zhì),用氙燈模擬太陽光,研究了兩種不同來源的腐殖質(zhì)組分對咪鮮胺和三環(huán)唑間接光解作用,以及pH、腐殖質(zhì)濃度對兩者光解的影響,并探討了ROSs對農(nóng)藥的降解作用,得到以下主要結(jié)論:(1)在純水中,咪鮮胺不能直接光解,三環(huán)唑有微弱的直接光解。腐殖質(zhì)的來源和農(nóng)藥的分子結(jié)構(gòu)共同影響了農(nóng)藥的間接光解。咪鮮胺在稻田腐殖質(zhì)中的降解速率大于藕塘腐殖質(zhì),三環(huán)唑在藕塘腐殖質(zhì)中的降解速率大于稻田腐殖質(zhì)。在兩種不同來源的腐殖質(zhì)中,兩種農(nóng)藥皆表現(xiàn)出胡敏酸中的降解速率大于稻田富里酸。(2)在稻田腐殖質(zhì)中,高濃度的腐殖質(zhì)對咪鮮胺和三環(huán)唑的降解產(chǎn)生抑制作用,可能是由于腐殖質(zhì)對ROSs的猝滅作用以及腐殖質(zhì)對農(nóng)藥激發(fā)態(tài)的還原作用。在藕塘腐殖質(zhì)中,咪鮮胺的降解速率受到高濃度藕塘腐殖質(zhì)的抑制,三環(huán)唑的降解速率則隨藕塘腐殖質(zhì)濃度升高而升高。來源不同導(dǎo)致兩種來源的腐殖質(zhì)組分在pH值變化時有反應(yīng)出不同的效應(yīng)。在稻田來源的腐殖質(zhì)組分中,隨著pH的升高,咪鮮胺和三環(huán)唑的降解速率降低。在藕塘來源的腐殖質(zhì)組分中,隨著pH的升高,咪鮮胺和三環(huán)唑的降解速率升高。(3)三環(huán)唑和咪鮮胺與HO?反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)分別為4.25±0.30×109 M-1·s-1、3.79±0.07×109M-1·s-1。咪鮮胺和三環(huán)唑與1O2反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)分別為7.31±0.40×107 M-1·s-1和5.06±2.3×107 M-1 s-1。咪鮮胺在腐殖質(zhì)中的光解途徑是HO?和1O2,在稻田來源的腐殖質(zhì)中,1O2的貢獻(xiàn)率遠(yuǎn)大于HO?,而在藕塘來源的腐殖質(zhì)中,HO?的貢獻(xiàn)率遠(yuǎn)大于1O2。HO?是三環(huán)唑間接光解的最主要的途徑。(4)稻田腐殖質(zhì)產(chǎn)生ROSs的能力可能強(qiáng)于藕塘腐殖質(zhì),且稻田腐殖質(zhì)產(chǎn)生HO?能力大于產(chǎn)生1O2的能力,而藕塘腐殖質(zhì)產(chǎn)生1O2的能力大于產(chǎn)生HO?的能力。腐殖質(zhì)生成ROSs的能力與腐殖質(zhì)濃度和溶液pH值有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:The accumulation of various kinds of organic pesticides in environmental soil and water body has become the main pollution source of agricultural wetland soil pollution and surface water. The dissolved organic matter (DOM) induced reactive oxygen species (Ros) in water is of great significance to the degradation of organic pesticides in the environment. As a special wetland environment, the species and concentration of ROSs produced by farmland may be affected by human disturbance, which may lead to different degradation behaviors of organic pesticides in agricultural environment. In this paper, the photolysis kinetics and influence factors of humus from paddy field and lotus root pond on two kinds of fungicidal pesticides, tricyclazole and prochloraz, were studied. By extracting humus from surface water and sediment of paddy field and lotus root pond at the source of Fuhe No.2 Irrigation District, the indirect photolysis of prochloraz and tricyclazole by two kinds of humus components from different sources was studied by using xenon lamp to simulate solar light. The effects of pH and humus concentration on the photolysis were also discussed. The main conclusions were as follows: 1) in pure water, prochlorfenamine could not be photolysis directly, but tricyclazole had weak direct photolysis. The source of humus and the molecular structure of pesticides affect the indirect photolysis of pesticides. The degradation rate of prochloraz in the humus of paddy field was higher than that in the lotus root pond, and the degradation rate of tricyclazole in the humus of lotus root pond was higher than that of the humus in rice field. In two kinds of humus from different sources, both pesticides showed that the degradation rate of Hu Min acid was higher than that of rice-field fulvic acid.) in rice field humus, the high concentration of humus inhibited the degradation of prochloraz and tricyclazole. It may be due to the quenching of ROSs by humus and the reduction of excited state of pesticide by humus. In the humus of lotus root ponds, the degradation rate of prochloramines was inhibited by the humus of high concentration lotus root ponds, while the degradation rate of tricyclazole increased with the increase of humus concentration in lotus root ponds. The humus components from two sources have different effects when pH value changes. In the humus components from paddy field, the degradation rate of chlorpromazine and tricyclazole decreased with the increase of pH. In the humus components from lotus root ponds, the degradation rate of prochloraz and tricyclazole increased with the increase of pH. The reaction rate constants are 4.25 鹵0.30 脳 109M-1 s-1C 3.79 鹵0.07 脳 109M-1 s-1respectively. The reaction rate constants of prochloraz and tricyclazole with 1O2 were 7.31 鹵0.40 脳 107M-1 s-1 and 5.06 鹵2.3 脳 107M-1 s-1respectively. The photolysis pathway of prochloraz in humus is HOO? And 1O _ 2, the contribution rate of 1O _ 2 in humus from paddy field was much higher than that of HOA, but in the humus from lotus root pond, the contribution rate was much higher. The contribution rate is much greater than that of 1O2.HO. The ability of humus to produce ROSs may be stronger than that of lotus root pond humus, and the rice field humus produce HOO? The ability of producing 1O2 is greater than that of producing 1O2, while the ability of humus to produce 1O2 is greater than that of producing HOO? The ability of The ability of humus to produce ROSs is related to the concentration of humus and pH value of solution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X592

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