發(fā)布時間：2018-04-19 11:04

  本文選題：人氣污染 + 防治法��； 參考：《廣西師范大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國工業(yè)化、城市化進程加快,機動車保有數(shù)量又持續(xù)激增,導致我國大氣污染呈現(xiàn)出灰霾、光化學煙霧和酸雨等重疊交替發(fā)生,這主要是因為天然源和人為排放的NOX、S02、揮發(fā)性有機物、顆粒物等初級污染物對大氣環(huán)境直接影響的同時,衍生出大氣二次污染,使大氣一次污染和二次污染同時發(fā)生,并呈現(xiàn)城市群效應(yīng),即在京津冀、長三角、珠三角等經(jīng)濟發(fā)達的地區(qū)尤為顯著,并以它們?yōu)橹行某嗜钕蛑車貐^(qū)擴散,總體來說我國的大氣污染形態(tài)已經(jīng)由煤煙型污染向復合型大氣污染轉(zhuǎn)變,由局地單一的污染向區(qū)域性污染轉(zhuǎn)變,這種嚴峻的趨勢是研究當前我國大氣污染防治法律制度的關(guān)鍵和難點所在。而我國現(xiàn)行大氣污染防治法存在著“空架子”的嫌疑,只是一些原則性的規(guī)定,并沒有具體的實施標準和細則,更沒有關(guān)注到我國現(xiàn)階段大氣污染的主要影響因子(例如PM2.5、氮氧化物等)、大氣污染的趨向和特征,嚴重欠缺可操作性和可執(zhí)行性,這從根本上阻礙了我國大氣污染治理的步伐。目前我國很多學者都在致力于研究我國大氣污染的影響因子,本文通過研究借鑒相關(guān)科研成果,對我國大氣污染的新趨勢及其主要形式進行適當?shù)年U述,歸納出我國大氣污染物的主要來源及影響因子,著重提出了灰霾中PM2.5的前體物、二次源形成途徑及影響因子,從而引出協(xié)同控制理念及針對性的配套措施,并依據(jù)我國復合大氣污染區(qū)域化特征指出了聯(lián)防聯(lián)控的關(guān)鍵具體制度,同時借鑒研究美國、日本和歐盟的典型大氣污染防治法律制度,提取適合我國國情適用的重要制度來彌補我國大氣污染防治法存在的諸多不足,比如將排污權(quán)交易引入大氣污染防治法律制度中,平衡大氣環(huán)境治理與大氣污染物排放者之間的關(guān)系,使行政調(diào)控和經(jīng)濟手段有效結(jié)合；擴大許可證制度的適用區(qū)域,真正全面實現(xiàn)從末端治理向主動預防的轉(zhuǎn)變：借鑒歐盟大氣清單管理制度,完善我國大氣排放清單管理,為大氣污染物排放總量控制制度建立科學有力的支撐;建立大氣環(huán)境公益訴訟制度及相關(guān)配套措施,鼓勵環(huán)境部門、社會團體和個人進行大氣污染公益訴訟,開啟我國大氣污染公益訴訟的大門。此外,還對我國的大氣環(huán)境監(jiān)測制度以及公眾監(jiān)督制度等提出了一些具體的改善建議。
[Abstract]:With the industrialization of our country and the acceleration of urbanization, the number of motor vehicles keeps increasing again, which leads to the occurrence of haze, photochemical smog and acid rain, etc.This is mainly due to the direct impact of primary pollutants, such as natural sources and anthropogenic emissions of NOXN S02, volatile organic compounds, particulates, on the atmospheric environment, and at the same time derivative of secondary atmospheric pollution, so that both primary and secondary atmospheric pollution occur simultaneously.The effect of urban agglomeration is especially obvious in the economically developed areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and so on.In general, the pattern of air pollution in China has changed from coal smoke pollution to compound air pollution, from local single pollution to regional pollution.This austere trend is the key and difficulty in studying the current legal system of air pollution prevention and control in China.However, the current air pollution prevention and control law of our country is suspected of being "empty shelf". It is only a number of principled provisions, and there are no specific standards and rules for its implementation.Moreover, no attention has been paid to the main influencing factors (such as PM2.5, nitrogen oxides, etc.), the trend and characteristics of air pollution, which is seriously lack of maneuverability and implementability, which fundamentally hinders the pace of air pollution control in China.At present, many scholars in our country are devoting themselves to studying the influencing factors of air pollution in our country. Through studying and drawing on the relevant scientific research results, this paper makes a proper exposition of the new trend and main forms of air pollution in our country.The main sources and influencing factors of air pollutants in China are summarized. The precursors of PM2.5 in haze, the way of secondary source formation and the influencing factors are emphatically put forward, and the concept of cooperative control and corresponding supporting measures are elicited.Based on the regionalization characteristics of China's composite air pollution, the key specific systems of joint air pollution control are pointed out. At the same time, the typical legal systems of air pollution prevention and control in the United States, Japan and the European Union are studied.In order to make up for the shortcomings of the air pollution prevention and control law of our country, we should extract important systems suitable for our country's national conditions, such as introducing emissions trading into the legal system of air pollution prevention and control.To balance the relationship between atmospheric environmental governance and atmospheric pollutant emitters, to effectively combine administrative regulation and economic means, and to expand the applicable areas of the licensing system,To realize the transformation from terminal management to active prevention: to learn from the European Union's atmospheric inventory management system, to improve the management of China's atmospheric emission inventory, and to establish a scientific and effective support for the total emission control system of atmospheric pollutants;In order to open the door of air pollution public interest litigation in China, the public interest litigation system of atmospheric environment and related supporting measures should be established to encourage environmental departments, social organizations and individuals to carry out public interest litigation on air pollution.In addition, some suggestions for improving the atmospheric environment monitoring system and the public supervision system in China are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.68

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：1772831