本文選題：N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮 + 分離鑒定　； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)是一種廣泛應(yīng)用于化工業(yè)的原材料,常用來生產(chǎn)均聚物、化妝品、粘合劑、涂料和醫(yī)藥等。在歐美國家,NVP每年需求量達(dá)到1萬噸以上,是不可缺少的化學(xué)工業(yè)品。NVP在合成和應(yīng)用過程中將不可避免的進(jìn)入到環(huán)境中。此外,NVP是一種典型的含氮雜環(huán)化合物(NHCs),由于含氮雜環(huán)化合物通常具有高毒性、致畸性和致突變性,對(duì)環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的危害,因此受到越來越多的關(guān)注。一般來說,廢水中污染物的去除方法包括物理法、化學(xué)法和生物法,而生物法費(fèi)用低廉、運(yùn)行管理方便、有效快捷、無二次污染、環(huán)境友好,所以被廣泛應(yīng)用。本文從活性污泥中分離出一株NVP高效降解菌ZF1,菌株ZF1能利用NVP作為唯一碳源和氮源生長。通過形態(tài)觀察、生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因鑒定,菌株ZF1被初步鑒定為產(chǎn)脲節(jié)桿菌(Arthrobacter ureafaciens)。在LB液體培養(yǎng)基中搖床培養(yǎng),菌株ZF1的對(duì)數(shù)期生長期為6～36h;36h之之后菌株ZF1的生長進(jìn)入穩(wěn)定期;54h后,菌株生長速度變緩,菌體量開始變少。菌株ZF1在pH 7.0～9.0,溫度25～30 ℃范圍內(nèi)生長較好,最佳生長條件為pH7.0,溫度30℃,NaCl濃度7.0g/L。另外,裝液量越少,菌株ZF1的生長越好,表明較高的溶解氧量有利于菌株ZF1的生長。環(huán)境因素如pH、溫度、接種量和金屬離子等對(duì)菌株ZF1降解NVP都有明顯的影響。菌株ZF1對(duì)NVP的最佳降解條件為溫度30 ℃,pH7.0～9.0,接種量為3%。在30℃,pH 7.0及3%接種量時(shí),菌株ZF1能在60 h內(nèi)將濃度為200 mg/L的NVP完全降解,表明菌株ZF1在含NVP廢水的生物處理中具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。另外,工業(yè)廢水中存在的常見金屬離子Ni~(2+)、2Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Ag~+、Mn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Co~(2+)對(duì)ZF1降解NVP都存在不同程度的抑制作用。其中Fe~(3+)幾乎沒有影響,而Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)和Ag~+對(duì)NVP降解的抑制作用都比較強(qiáng)。將菌株ZF1固定到竹炭上,和游離菌相比,固定菌對(duì)NVP的降解效果更好。對(duì)竹炭固定菌進(jìn)行3次循環(huán)利用,結(jié)果NVP的去除時(shí)間隨循環(huán)次數(shù)的增加而遞減,說明在循環(huán)利用中,竹炭固定菌生物降解的作用越來越強(qiáng),生物降解占主導(dǎo)地位。在3次循環(huán)利用中,竹炭固定菌對(duì)NVP的降解符合一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,一級(jí)反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)隨NVP濃度的升高而下降。隨著循環(huán)利用次數(shù)的增加,一級(jí)反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)也越來越大,進(jìn)一步說明在循環(huán)利用中竹炭固定菌生物降解NVP的作用越來越強(qiáng)。最后,分別把游離菌和竹炭固定菌投加到型號(hào)相同的序批式反應(yīng)器(SBR)中,處理NVP合成廢水。SBR分三個(gè)階段運(yùn)行,不斷提高進(jìn)水NVP負(fù)荷,同時(shí)降低水力停留時(shí)間。結(jié)果表明,竹炭固定菌對(duì)NVP的去除效果高于游離菌,抗有機(jī)負(fù)荷和水力沖擊負(fù)荷能力也高于游離菌。
[Abstract]:N- vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) is a widely used raw material in chemical industry. It is often used to produce homopolymer, cosmetics, binder, paint and medicine.In Europe and America, the annual demand for NVP is more than 10,000 tons, which is an indispensable chemical industrial product. NVP will inevitably enter the environment in the process of synthesis and application.In addition, NVP is a typical nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. Because of its high toxicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity, it has attracted more and more attention.Generally speaking, the removal methods of pollutants in wastewater include physical method, chemical method and biological method, but the biological method is widely used because of its low cost, convenient operation and management, no secondary pollution and friendly environment.In this paper, a NVP degrading strain ZF1 was isolated from activated sludge. Strain ZF1 can grow with NVP as the sole carbon source and nitrogen source.The strain ZF1 was identified as Arthrobacter urea faciensus by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16s rRNA gene identification.In LB liquid medium, the logarithmic growth period of strain ZF1 was 636 h or 36 h. After the growth of strain ZF1 entered the stable period of 54 h, the growth rate of strain became slower and the number of bacteria began to decrease.The strain ZF1 grew well in the range of pH 7.0 and temperature 2530 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1749233