本文選題：近地表大氣甲烷 + 下墊面�。� 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：甲烷是主要的溫室氣體,其溫室效應(yīng)是CO_2的72倍,從工業(yè)革命開始,大氣中甲烷的含量升高了一倍以上,因此,討論因人類活動引起的下墊面變化對甲烷排放的影響對大氣溫室效應(yīng)研究、指導(dǎo)節(jié)能減排有重要意義。本文以江蘇省為研究區(qū),使用SCIAMACHY甲烷濃度產(chǎn)品、GlobeLand30地表覆蓋數(shù)據(jù)、氣象柵格數(shù)據(jù)和DEM數(shù)據(jù),分析2003年~2010年江蘇省近地表甲烷濃度數(shù)據(jù)時空分布特征和中尺度大氣甲烷濃度其時空分布及變化與下墊面(地表覆蓋、氣象因素和地形地貌等)的耦合關(guān)系。文章對SCIAMACHY WFM-DOAS甲烷濃度三級產(chǎn)品原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行非參數(shù)檢驗、插值、數(shù)學(xué)統(tǒng)計等預(yù)處理,分別從月變化、季節(jié)變化和年際變化三個時間尺度進(jìn)行時間維的統(tǒng)計分析,從省、市、高程三個空間尺度進(jìn)行空間分布分析。其次,從定性和定量兩個角度討論了下墊面覆蓋類型和氣象因子與近地表甲烷濃度的耦合效應(yīng)。定性研究方面,分別對省、市的地表覆蓋變化與甲烷濃度變化進(jìn)行對比;定量研究方面,通過0.5°×0.5°(經(jīng)度×緯度)尺度網(wǎng)格和氣象站點緩沖區(qū)兩種采樣方式,以Parman、Kendall的tau_b和Spearman三種相關(guān)系數(shù)為衡量指標(biāo),對甲烷濃度數(shù)據(jù)和地表覆蓋數(shù)據(jù)的相關(guān)關(guān)系進(jìn)行討論。最后,基于多年統(tǒng)計年鑒數(shù)據(jù),對氣象因素及人類活動對甲烷分布的影響進(jìn)行分析。研究結(jié)果表明,江蘇省近地表甲烷濃度,在時間上具有夏秋高、冬春低、整體隨時間波動上升的變化趨勢,在空間上具有南北高、沿海低、中部居中的分布特點。對甲烷濃度數(shù)據(jù)和地表覆蓋類型耦合性的定性研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),耕地面積的減少和人造地表的增加與甲烷濃度年均值的增加存在關(guān)聯(lián);定量研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人造地表和相關(guān)性隨時間的變化而變化,且相關(guān)性在夏秋兩季表現(xiàn)較為明顯。甲烷濃度與人造地表和耕地在夏季主要表現(xiàn)為正相關(guān),其他季節(jié)表現(xiàn)為負(fù)相關(guān)或相關(guān)性微弱;甲烷濃度與水體主要表現(xiàn)為正相關(guān);甲烷濃度與海洋在夏季表現(xiàn)為負(fù)相關(guān);甲烷濃度與草地和森林在夏秋兩季均表現(xiàn)為負(fù)相關(guān),春秋兩季相關(guān)性減弱。究其原因,是大氣甲烷時空變化受到研究區(qū)域內(nèi)降水、溫度、土壤濕度、甲烷菌活性、大氣OH自由基含量、水稻種植面積、城市生活垃圾和生活用水量、牲畜畜養(yǎng)數(shù)量和油氣燃料使用量等多種因素的共同影響,甲烷源與匯的相互作用最終形成了江蘇省近地表大氣甲烷濃度的時空分布特征。除了煤礦、海洋等天然逸散的甲烷源,大部分的甲烷源由甲烷菌的無氧呼吸產(chǎn)生,如水稻田、濕地、垃圾等,而這些甲烷源在夏季更為強烈,因而地表覆蓋與近地表甲烷濃度的相關(guān)性在夏季更加明顯。
[Abstract]:Methane is the main greenhouse gas, and Greenhouse Effect is 72 times higher than CO_2. Since the industrial revolution, the amount of methane in the atmosphere has more than doubled, so,It is important to discuss the effect of the change of underlying surface caused by human activities on methane emission to the study of atmosphere Greenhouse Effect and guide energy saving and emission reduction.In this paper, using SCIAMACHY methane concentration product, Globe Land30, surface cover data, meteorological grid data and DEM data, Jiangsu Province is used as the study area.The spatial and temporal distribution of near surface methane concentration data in Jiangsu Province from 2003 to 2010 and the coupling relationship between temporal and spatial distribution and variation of mesoscale atmospheric methane concentration and underlying surface (surface cover, meteorological factors, topography and geomorphology, etc.) are analyzed.This paper carries on the non-parametric test, interpolation and mathematical statistics to the original data of SCIAMACHY WFM-DOAS methane concentration tertiary product, carries on the time dimension statistical analysis from three time scales of the monthly change, the seasonal change and the interannual change, from the province, the city, the city, etc.The spatial distribution of three spatial scales of elevation is analyzed.Secondly, the coupling effects of cover types and meteorological factors on methane concentration near the surface are discussed from both qualitative and quantitative aspects.In qualitative research, the changes of land surface cover and methane concentration in provinces and cities were compared, and in quantitative research, the sampling methods of 0.5 擄脳 0.5 擄(longitude 脳 latitude) scale grid and meteorological station buffer zone were used.The correlation between methane concentration data and surface cover data was discussed based on the tau_b and Spearman correlation coefficients of Parmanthus Kendall.Finally, the effects of meteorological factors and human activities on methane distribution are analyzed based on the statistical yearbook data for many years.The results show that the concentration of methane near the surface of Jiangsu Province has the characteristics of high in summer and autumn, low in winter and spring in time, and increasing with time fluctuation, and the spatial distribution is high in north and south, low in coastal area and middle in middle of Jiangsu Province.In the qualitative study of the coupling between methane concentration data and surface cover type, it was found that the decrease of cultivated land area and the increase of artificial surface were associated with the increase of annual mean methane concentration.Artificial surface and correlation change with time, and the correlation is obvious in summer and autumn.Methane concentration is mainly positively correlated with artificial surface and cultivated land in summer, negatively or weakly in other seasons, and positively correlated with water body in other seasons, and negatively with ocean in summer.Methane concentration was negatively correlated with grassland and forest in summer and autumn, but weakened in spring and autumn.The reason is that the temporal and spatial variation of atmospheric methane is affected by precipitation, temperature, soil humidity, methanobacteria activity, the content of OH free radicals in the atmosphere, rice planting area, municipal solid waste and domestic water consumption.The interaction between methane source and sink resulted in the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric methane concentration near the surface of Jiangsu Province.In addition to natural methane sources such as coal mines and oceans, most of them are produced by anaerobic respiration of methane bacteria, such as rice fields, wetlands, garbage and so on, which are more intense in the summer.Therefore, the correlation between surface cover and near surface methane concentration is more obvious in summer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X16

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