本文選題：烏拉蓋流域 + 生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：錫林郭勒盟烏拉蓋流域位于內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)錫林郭勒盟東北部,是錫林郭勒盟面向東北地區(qū)的重要出口和生態(tài)屏障。作為烏珠穆沁草原主要組成部分的烏拉蓋河是內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)境內(nèi)最大的內(nèi)陸河,對烏珠穆沁草原的生存有著重要決定影響。本文考慮生態(tài)風(fēng)險的典型性,將烏拉蓋流域作為研究對象,以五期T M遙感影像(199 0年、2000年、2005年、201 0年、2013年)為主要數(shù)據(jù)源,結(jié)合遙感、GIS技術(shù)等現(xiàn)代技術(shù)及Exc el、S PS S等軟件工具和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計方法,從引起生態(tài)風(fēng)險的自然因素方面入手,進(jìn)行風(fēng)險識別,并建立風(fēng)險評價指標(biāo)體系,對烏拉蓋流域進(jìn)行生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價,得出烏拉蓋流域五期(1990年、200 0年、200 5年、201 0年、201 3年)的生態(tài)風(fēng)險指數(shù)及區(qū)域等級,為探討和制定相應(yīng)的生態(tài)風(fēng)險治理對策提供科學(xué)的依據(jù)�？傮w上看烏拉蓋流域在199 0-2013年期間的五個時期生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況風(fēng)險級別一直為低,在199 0年至200 5年期間生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況呈現(xiàn)逐年減少趨勢,但變化并不明顯,這說明了烏拉蓋流域的生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況是比較穩(wěn)定的。在2005年至2 0 1 3年期間生態(tài)環(huán)境(△E I)呈增長的趨勢,這說明該地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況略微變好。且生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況指數(shù)(E I)均大于7 5,因此,烏拉蓋流域是一個植被覆蓋度高,生物多樣性豐富,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定,特別適合人類生存的地區(qū)。從整體來分析,烏拉蓋流域的生態(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)良且穩(wěn)定,但不同年份的評價指數(shù)在數(shù)值上還是有一些差別。通過烏拉蓋流域不同土地利用類型的“易損性”可以看出:在整個研究區(qū),不同等級風(fēng)險區(qū)沒有過于明顯的界線,但在時間序列上,呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢,這說明烏拉蓋流域生態(tài)環(huán)境狀態(tài)有所好轉(zhuǎn)。其中高風(fēng)險區(qū)主要分布在西南部及東北部,但其分布較為分散,高風(fēng)險區(qū)的土地利用類型主要是耕地和未利用土地。較高風(fēng)險區(qū)主要分布在高風(fēng)險區(qū)的周邊地區(qū),而在西北部也有零星分布。較高風(fēng)險區(qū)的土地利用類型主要是低覆蓋度草地和中覆蓋度草地。中等風(fēng)險區(qū)遍布整個烏拉蓋流域,面積較大,但主要還是分布在西北部地區(qū)。中等風(fēng)險區(qū)的土地利用類型主要是高覆蓋度草地。較低風(fēng)險區(qū)主要分布于低風(fēng)險區(qū)的周圍,較低風(fēng)險區(qū)的土地利用類型主要是部分灌木林地。低風(fēng)險區(qū)主要分布在南部及東南部地區(qū),尤其是西烏珠穆沁旗東南部地區(qū),除此之外,中部及北部地區(qū)也有零星的分布。其土地利用類型主要有水域和有林地等。
[Abstract]:Located in the northeast of the Xilingol League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, the Wulagai Valley of the Xilingol League is an important export and ecological barrier to the Northeast region of the Xilingol League.As the main component of Uzhimuqin grassland, the Ulagai River is the largest inland river in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, which has an important influence on the survival of Uzhoumuqin grassland.In this paper, considering the typicality of ecological risk, the Wulagei basin is taken as the main data source, with five phases of TM remote sensing images in 1990, 2000, 2005 and 201 years, 2013) as the main data sources.Combining with modern technology such as remote sensing and GIS technology and software tools such as Exc Elton PS S and mathematical statistics method, risk identification and risk evaluation index system are established from natural factors that cause ecological risk.The ecological risk index and regional grade of the Wulagai watershed were obtained in the fifth period of the Wulagai watershed (from 1990 to 2005-201 years to 2013 years), which provided a scientific basis for the discussion and formulation of the corresponding countermeasures for ecological risk management.On the whole, the risk level of ecological environment condition in the five periods of 1990-2013 has been low, and the ecological environment state has been decreasing year by year from 1990 to 2005.But the change is not obvious.This shows that the ecological environment of the Wulagei basin is relatively stable.From 2005 to 2003, the ecological environment (ei) showed an increasing trend, which indicated that the ecological environment in this area had improved slightly.The Eco-environmental index (E I) is higher than 7.5. Therefore, the Wulagai watershed is a region with high vegetation coverage, rich biodiversity and stable ecosystem, which is especially suitable for human survival.From the overall analysis, the ecological environment of the Wulagai basin is good and stable, but the evaluation index in different years is still different in numerical value.Through the "vulnerability" of different land use types in the Wulagei basin, it can be seen that, in the whole study area, there is no obvious boundary between the different grade risk areas, but in the time series, there is a decreasing trend.This shows that the state of the ecological environment of the Wulagai basin has improved.The high risk areas are mainly distributed in the southwest and northeast, but they are scattered. The land use types in the high risk areas are mainly cultivated land and unused land.The higher risk areas are mainly located in the peripheral areas of the high risk areas, and are scattered in the northwest.The main types of land use in high risk areas are low coverage grassland and middle coverage grassland.The middle risk area covers the whole Wulagai basin, but it is mainly distributed in the northwest area.The main land use type in middle risk area is high coverage grassland.The low risk area mainly distributes around the low risk area, and the land use type in the lower risk area is mainly part of shrub land.The low risk areas are mainly distributed in the south and southeast, especially in the southeast of West Uzhoum Banner. In addition, there are also scattered distribution in the central and northern regions.Its land use type mainly has the water area and the woodland and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X826

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