本文選題：畜禽糞便　切入點(diǎn)：肥料化　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：規(guī)�；�、集約化養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展導(dǎo)致畜禽糞便數(shù)量的大量增加,致使我國(guó)部分地區(qū)出現(xiàn)不同程度的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。對(duì)畜禽糞便資源化利用潛力進(jìn)行研究,對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)畜禽糞便的資源化利用,實(shí)現(xiàn)畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。本研究利用調(diào)查法、文獻(xiàn)法及統(tǒng)計(jì)分析法,同時(shí)采集部分省市畜禽糞便樣品利用儀器分析法進(jìn)行熱化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化的理論研究,探討畜禽糞便熱化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化的能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)2013年我國(guó)畜禽糞便數(shù)量大,空間分異明顯。全國(guó)畜禽糞便資源總量達(dá)623.00百萬(wàn)t,其中豬糞所占比例最大,達(dá)畜禽糞便總量的36.71%,其次是牛糞、家禽糞、羊糞。從分布特征來(lái)看,山東、河南、內(nèi)蒙古、四川、河北五省是畜禽糞便資源最豐富的地區(qū),分別達(dá)60.56百萬(wàn)t、52.23百萬(wàn)t、43.32百萬(wàn)t、42.67百萬(wàn)t、40.41百萬(wàn)t,占全國(guó)畜禽糞便資源總量的38.39%。湖南、新疆、遼寧、湖北、安徽、黑龍江、廣東、廣西、云南、江蘇畜禽糞便產(chǎn)量在20百萬(wàn)t~30百萬(wàn)t,貴州、重慶、福建、甘肅、吉林、江西畜禽糞便產(chǎn)量在10百萬(wàn)t~20百萬(wàn)t。上海、北京、天津、海南、寧夏、青海、西藏、山西、浙江、陜西地區(qū),這些地區(qū)不足10百萬(wàn)t。(2)肥料化和能源化是畜禽糞便主要的利用途徑。通過(guò)對(duì)2013年對(duì)畜禽糞便肥料化指標(biāo)的評(píng)定,得出2013我畜禽糞便資源中理論上含有有機(jī)質(zhì)20554.23×104t、氮養(yǎng)分1155.42×104t、磷養(yǎng)分311.57×104t、鉀養(yǎng)分774.06×104t,氮磷鉀分別相當(dāng)于我國(guó)2013年農(nóng)業(yè)氮、磷、鉀肥施用量的48.26%、37.51%、123.38%,肥料化潛力巨大。從環(huán)境的角度科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià),90%以上的地區(qū)耕地氮磷負(fù)荷超過(guò)限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn);2013年我國(guó)畜禽糞便完全能源化,理論含有22597.68×104t標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤和11671.42×107m3沼氣,約占我國(guó)能源消耗總量的6%,能源潛力巨大。(3)針對(duì)湖北、湖南、四川、重慶、云南、貴州六省市的豬糞、牛糞、雞糞共計(jì)1079份畜禽糞便進(jìn)行工業(yè)分析、元素分析和熱值分析,結(jié)果顯示:畜禽糞便含有較高水分含量(55.4%~80.20%),熱化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化前需進(jìn)行必要的干燥處理,具有較高的揮發(fā)分(50.10%~68.15%)和灰分(55.10%~68.15%)以及較低的固定碳(17.68%~34.07%),在元素組成上碳含量(29.48%~41.64%)、氫含量(4.87%~7.79%)、氮含量(1.93%~4.73%)較高,而氧含量(26.97%~31.29%)較低。畜禽糞便含有微量元素Cu(2.94mg/kg~56.62mg/kg)、Zn(19.39mg/kg~118.32mg/kg)、K(0.55mg/kg~2.46mg/kg)、Na(0.23mg/kg~0.99mg/kg)、P(0.65g/kg~2.26g/kg),這些微量元素的化合物會(huì)對(duì)熱化學(xué)過(guò)程的產(chǎn)生催化作用。熱值(9.25MJ/kg~15.28MJ/kg)較高。綜合分析,畜禽糞便具有高揮發(fā)分、適宜的元素成分,較高的熱值,具有熱化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化利用的潛力。根據(jù)熱化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化的質(zhì)量平衡和能量守恒理論進(jìn)一步分析得出:畜禽糞便的能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率在43.85%~71.99%,具有較高的熱化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化能源化利用潛力。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of intensive and large-scale aquaculture led to a large increase in the amount of livestock and poultry manure, resulting in environmental problems of varying degrees in some parts of China.The study on the potential utilization of livestock and poultry feces is very important to realize the utilization of animal manure and to realize the sustainable development of livestock and poultry industry.The main results are as follows: (1) in 2013, the quantity of livestock and poultry feces in China was large and the spatial differentiation was obvious.The total amount of livestock and poultry feces reached 623.00 million tons in China, among which the proportion of pig manure was the largest, which reached 36.71% of the total amount of livestock and poultry manure, followed by cow dung, poultry dung and sheep dung.In terms of distribution characteristics, Shandong, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan and Hebei provinces are the most abundant areas of livestock and poultry feces resources, reaching 60.56 million tons 52.23 million tins 43.32 million tons 42.67 million tons 40.41 million tons, accounting for 38.39m of the total livestock and poultry fecal resources in China.In Hunan, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Hubei, Anhui, Heilongjiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Jiangsu provinces, the feces yield of livestock and poultry was 20 million tons or 30 million tons, and that of Guizhou, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Jilin and Jiangxi provinces was 10 million tons or 20 million tons.Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Hainan, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xizang, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, these areas are less than 10 million Mt. 2) Fertilizer and energy are the main ways of utilization of livestock and poultry manure.Based on the evaluation of the fertilizer index of livestock and poultry manure in 2013, it is concluded that 2013 animal manure resources contain 20554.23 脳 10 ~ 4 t organic matter, 1155.42 脳 10 ~ 4 t nitrogen nutrient, 311.57 脳 10 ~ 4 t phosphorus nutrient, 774.06 脳 10 ~ 4 t potassium nutrient respectively. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are equivalent to agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus in 2013 in China.The amount of potassium fertilizer applied was 48.26%, 37.51% and 123.38%, and the potential of fertilizer application was great.From the point of view of environment, the nitrogen and phosphorus load of more than 90% of cultivated land exceeded the limit standard in 2013, and the theory contained 22597.68 脳 10 4 t standard coal and 11671.42 脳 107m3 biogas.Accounting for about 6% of the total energy consumption in China, the energy potential is huge. (3) Industrial analysis, elemental analysis and caloric value analysis were carried out on 1079 pieces of animal manure, cattle dung and chicken dung in Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and cities.The results showed that the feces of livestock and poultry contained a high water content of 55.4% and 80.20%, and the necessary drying treatment was needed before the thermochemical transformation.The caloric value of 9.25 MJ / kg = 15.28 MJ / kg was higher.Comprehensive analysis shows that animal manure has high volatile content, suitable element composition, high calorific value, and has the potential of thermochemical conversion and utilization.According to the mass balance and energy conservation theory of thermochemical transformation, it is concluded that the energy conversion efficiency of livestock and poultry manure is 43.85 and 71.99, which has higher energy utilization potential of thermochemical transformation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X713

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 張?zhí)?卜美東;耿維;;中國(guó)畜禽糞便污染現(xiàn)狀及產(chǎn)沼氣潛力[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2012年05期

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本文編號(hào)：1727274