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  本文選題：溶液陰極放電　切入點：濾光分選　出處：《重慶郵電大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代工農(nóng)業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展,水體污染越來越嚴(yán)重。因此,研究一種高效低成本的水中金屬離子檢測方法來實現(xiàn)對環(huán)境和食品安全等領(lǐng)域的水中金屬離子的檢測是很有必要的。目前,傳統(tǒng)的水中金屬離子檢測方法主要包括兩大類,一類是以電化學(xué)原理為基礎(chǔ)的檢測方法,此方法在穩(wěn)定性和選擇性方面存在一些不足,另一類是以光譜質(zhì)譜技術(shù)為原理的檢測方法,該方法的缺點是設(shè)備體積大,檢測成本偏高,不能很好的滿足便捷檢測及設(shè)備小型化的檢測要求。溶液陰極輝光放電發(fā)射光譜檢測金屬是近幾年得到國內(nèi)外普遍關(guān)注的一種高效的水中金屬離子檢測方法,但是目前光譜檢測部分均采用光譜儀進(jìn)行采集和處理,使得整套檢測裝置的便捷性降低,成本增加。為了解決這些問題,本論文嘗試研究了一種基于溶液陰極輝光放電發(fā)射光譜技術(shù)與濾光分選技術(shù)相結(jié)合的一種水中金屬離子檢測方法,設(shè)計并完成了一套新型的水中金屬離子光電檢測裝置。該檢測裝置包括溶液陰極輝光放電光源產(chǎn)生部分、濾光分選部分以及數(shù)據(jù)采集部分,光源產(chǎn)生裝置以金屬鎢棒為陽極,溶液從玻璃毛細(xì)管流出并作為放電陰極,通過對兩極施加高壓產(chǎn)生放電等離子體。濾光分選部分由石英透鏡、可調(diào)狹縫和濾光片輪組成,數(shù)據(jù)采集部分由光電倍增管和皮安表構(gòu)成。文章首先在理論上闡述了基于溶液陰極輝光放電耦合濾光分選系統(tǒng)的工作原理,之后搭建了溶液陰極輝光放電光源裝置,利用濾光分選部分實現(xiàn)了特征光譜信號的選取和收集,并通過數(shù)據(jù)采集部分對信號進(jìn)行采集和處理,最后對整個檢測系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行測試,優(yōu)化實驗條件,研究不同元素原子譜線強(qiáng)度的垂直分布,在此基礎(chǔ)上對Na、K、Ca、Li、Sr、Rb和Cs七種金屬元素標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液進(jìn)行了檢測,得到的檢出限分別為0.0007mg/L、0.0028mg/L、0.4240mg/L、0.0042mg/L、2.1000mg/L、0.0044mg/L和0.0595mg/L。通過基質(zhì)效應(yīng)實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),高Na環(huán)境對K的信號強(qiáng)度具有抑制作用,并且當(dāng)Na濃度達(dá)到一定值時,抑制作用趨于飽和,最后利用此特性檢測并得到了生理鹽水中K元素的含量為0.534mg/L。與常見的檢測方法相比,溶液陰極輝光放電耦合濾光分選裝置體積更小,檢測成本更低,而且兼具了可在線連續(xù)檢測和低檢出限的特點,使得該檢測技術(shù)更適合水中金屬元素的檢測。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern industry and agriculture, water pollution is becoming more and more serious.Therefore, it is necessary to study a high efficiency and low cost method to detect metal ions in water in the field of environment and food safety.At present, the traditional detection methods of metal ions in water mainly include two categories, one is based on electrochemical principle, this method has some shortcomings in stability and selectivity.The other is the detection method based on spectrum mass spectrometry. The disadvantages of this method are the large size of the equipment and the high detection cost, which can not meet the requirements of convenient detection and miniaturization of the equipment.Solution cathodic glow discharge emission spectrometry is a highly effective method for metal ion detection in water, which has received widespread attention in recent years. However, at present, spectrometer is used to collect and process metal ions in water.The convenience of the whole detection device is reduced and the cost is increased.In order to solve these problems, this paper attempts to study a method of metal ion detection in water based on the combination of cathodic glow discharge emission spectroscopy and filter separation.A new photoelectric detection device for metal ions in water is designed and completed.The detecting device includes a solution cathode glow discharge light source generation section, a filter light sorting section and a data acquisition section. The light source generating apparatus uses a metal tungsten rod as the anode, the solution flows out from the glass capillary and acts as the discharge cathode.Discharge plasma is produced by applying high voltage to the two poles.The filter sorting part is composed of quartz lens, adjustable slit and filter wheel, and the data acquisition part is composed of photomultiplier tube and picoammeter.In this paper, the working principle of the solution cathodic glow discharge coupling filter sorting system is described in theory, and then a solution cathode glow discharge light source device is built, and the characteristic spectral signal is selected and collected by the filter sorting part.The signal is collected and processed through the data acquisition part. Finally, the whole detection system is tested, the experimental conditions are optimized, and the vertical distribution of the atomic spectral line intensity of different elements is studied.Through the matrix effect experiment, it was found that the signal intensity of K was inhibited in high Na environment, and when Na concentration reached a certain value, the inhibitory effect tended to saturation. Finally, the content of K element in normal saline was determined and obtained to be 0.534 mg / L by using this characteristic.Compared with the common detection methods, the solution cathodic glow discharge coupled filter separator is smaller in size, lower in detection cost, and has the characteristics of on-line continuous detection and low detection limit.The detection technology is more suitable for the detection of metal elements in water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X832

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本文編號：1727162