本文選題：沉積物　切入點：PPCPs　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：藥品及個人護(hù)理用品(簡稱PPCPs)是一類新型微量有機(jī)污染物,以抗生素和解熱鎮(zhèn)痛藥類物質(zhì)檢出頻率較高,由于一些物質(zhì)可以導(dǎo)致“三致效應(yīng)”,所以已成為危險污染物質(zhì)的研究熱點。河床沉積物是運(yùn)移溶質(zhì)的重要介質(zhì),其對污染物的吸附/解吸行為直接影響污染物的遷移特征。吸附過程將污染物從河流中吸入沉積物中,使沉積物受到一定程度的污染,還有可能造成二次污染;解吸過程則是將沉積物中的污染物釋放出來,使這些被解吸出來的污染物在大量河水中得到稀釋,降低污染程度,且沉積物的污染程度也得到相應(yīng)的緩解。渭河作為黃河第一大支流及渭北平原上最為重要的河流,有學(xué)者對渭河沉積物中的氟苯尼考、多環(huán)芳烴、有機(jī)氯農(nóng)藥、土霉素和對乙酰氨基酚等有機(jī)污染物的吸附行為進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究,但對渭河沉積物中土霉素和對乙酰氨基酚的解吸行為還沒有提出一定的見解。因此,研究PPCPs類物質(zhì)在渭河沉積物中的解吸行為對于進(jìn)一步了解其在渭河流域的遷移、轉(zhuǎn)化、歸趨是極為重要的,對有效防治渭河流域PPCPs類物質(zhì)的污染,保障地表地下水的安全提供了理論依據(jù)和借鑒。本文選擇渭河陜西段中游有諸多農(nóng)家樂及養(yǎng)殖業(yè)等PPCPs污染源的區(qū)域為典型研究區(qū),以抗生素中土霉素(OTC)和解熱鎮(zhèn)痛類藥物中的對乙酰氨基酚(APAP)作為目標(biāo)性污染物,從有無胡敏酸膠體存在的角度,通過批量平衡法系統(tǒng)的研究了渭河河床沉積物中這兩種目標(biāo)污染物的解吸動力學(xué)和熱力學(xué)的特征,探討了目標(biāo)污染物在渭河河床沉積物上的解吸模式及機(jī)理。通過研究得到如下認(rèn)識:1.渭河河床沉積物中OTC和APAP的解吸過程通過20min基本上達(dá)到平衡,符合準(zhǔn)二級動力學(xué)模型。不同溫度對OTC和APAP的解吸行為有顯著的影響,升高溫度對解吸過程均表現(xiàn)為抑制效應(yīng)。2.渭河河床沉積物中OTC和APAP的解吸過程是自發(fā)的放熱反應(yīng),也是解吸后固液界面混亂度增加的熵增過程。3.離子強(qiáng)度的升高對渭河河床沉積物中OTC和APAP的解吸過程表現(xiàn)為抑制效應(yīng)。4.渭河沉積物中OTC和APAP的解吸趨勢相似,但解吸規(guī)律有一定差異,這可能與兩者的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)(如官能團(tuán)等)有關(guān)。5.胡敏酸膠體存在下,渭河沉積物中OTC和APAP的解吸平衡時間向后延遲,在30min時基本達(dá)到平衡狀態(tài)。解吸動力學(xué)模型也符合準(zhǔn)二級動力學(xué)模型;升高溫度不利于解吸過程的進(jìn)行。6.胡敏酸膠體對渭河沉積物中OTC和APAP的解吸行為有明顯抑制作用,延遲了解吸平衡時間并且使解吸量明顯降低。
[Abstract]:Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are a new kind of trace organic pollutants, which are detected frequently by antibiotics and antipyretic analgesics, because some substances can cause "three effects".Therefore, it has become a hot spot in the research of hazardous pollutants.River bed sediment is an important medium for solute transport, and its adsorption / desorption behavior directly affects the transport characteristics of pollutants.In the process of adsorption, pollutants are inhaled from the sediment from the river, causing the sediment to be polluted to a certain extent, and the secondary pollution may be caused; the desorption process is the release of the pollutants from the sediment.These desorbed pollutants were diluted in a large amount of river water to reduce the degree of pollution, and the pollution degree of sediment was alleviated accordingly.As the largest tributary of the Yellow River and the most important river in the Weibei Plain, some scholars have studied the flufenicol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides in the sediments of the Weihe River.The adsorption behavior of oxytetracycline and paracetamol and other organic pollutants has been extensively studied, but the desorption behavior of oxytetracycline and paracetamol in the sediment of Weihe River has not been discussed.Therefore, it is very important to study the desorption behavior of PPCPs in the sediment of Weihe River in order to further understand its migration, transformation and fate in Weihe River Basin, and to prevent and control the pollution of PPCPs in Weihe River Basin effectively.It provides theoretical basis and reference to ensure the safety of surface groundwater.In this paper, the typical area of PPCPs pollution sources such as Nongjiale and aquaculture in the middle reaches of the Weihe River was selected as the typical research area, and oxytetracycline (OTC) in antibiotics and paracetamol in antipyretic and analgesic drugs were used as the target pollutants.The desorption kinetics and thermodynamics of these two target pollutants in the sediment of Weihe River bed were systematically studied by batch equilibrium method from the point of view of the presence of Hu Min acid colloid.The desorption model and mechanism of target pollutants on the sediment of Weihe River bed are discussed.Through the study, we can get the following understanding: 1.The desorption process of OTC and APAP in the sediment of Weihe River bed is basically balanced by 20min, which accords with the quasi-second-order kinetic model.The desorption behavior of OTC and APAP was significantly affected by different temperatures, and the inhibition effect of increasing temperature on the desorption process was found to be. 2. 2.The desorption process of OTC and APAP in the sediment of Weihe River bed is a spontaneous exothermic reaction, and it is also a entropy increasing process of increasing the degree of chaos at the solid-liquid interface after desorption.The desorption of OTC and APAP in the sediment of Weihe River bed was inhibited by the increase of ionic strength.The desorption trend of OTC and APAP in Weihe River sediment is similar, but the desorption law is different, which may be related to their internal structure (such as functional groups).In the presence of Hu Min acid colloid, the desorption equilibrium time of OTC and APAP in the sediment of Weihe River was delayed backward and reached the equilibrium state at 30min.The desorption kinetic model also accords with the quasi-second-order kinetic model, and the increase of temperature is not conducive to the desorption process.Hu Min acid colloid inhibited the desorption behavior of OTC and APAP in the sediment of Weihe River, delayed the desorption equilibrium time and decreased the desorption amount.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X522

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