本文選題：河流健康評(píng)價(jià)　切入點(diǎn)：生物完整性指數(shù)　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：河流是聯(lián)系陸地與海洋的紐帶,是生物圈中物質(zhì)循環(huán)的關(guān)鍵之一,它特殊的生境特點(diǎn)造就了其生物群落的多樣性。河流是水生植物、底棲生物、浮游生物、兩棲動(dòng)物和各種魚類的棲息地,給人類提供非常豐富的淡水資源,因此河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康評(píng)價(jià)越來越受到人們的重視。對(duì)于河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康評(píng)價(jià),可以使用物理、化學(xué)、生物的指標(biāo)。近些年的研究大多從單純的河水水質(zhì)調(diào)查轉(zhuǎn)向采用生物指標(biāo),其中應(yīng)用最廣泛的就是生物完整性指數(shù)法。該法可采用的指示生物眾多,通�？晒┻x取的生物類群有魚類、底棲無脊椎動(dòng)物、著生藻類、浮游生物、高等維管束植物,微生物等等,研究人員根據(jù)不同河流的生物情況進(jìn)行選擇。國內(nèi)外大多數(shù)的研究以前三種生物類群為主,其中魚類是生物完整性指數(shù)法進(jìn)行河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評(píng)價(jià)最早使用的指示物種,因其有用于河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀況研究的優(yōu)勢(shì)特征,因此魚類完整性指數(shù)(Fish-index of biotic integrity, F-IBI)法是現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)外研究河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀況最常用的方法。位于山東省境內(nèi)的小清河,發(fā)源于濟(jì)南市各大泉群,向東流入渤海,是一條具有泄洪、航運(yùn)、灌溉、養(yǎng)殖等多功能的河流,它曾經(jīng)給山東省提供了許多的水利和魚類資源。自從20世紀(jì)80年代中期被污染后,山東政府定時(shí)對(duì)小清河的水質(zhì)情況進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),也采取各種方法對(duì)其進(jìn)行生態(tài)恢復(fù),致力于改善小清河的健康狀況。以往對(duì)小清河健康狀況的研究都是集中在理化因子的指示下,本研究結(jié)合國內(nèi)外河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)魚類完整性評(píng)價(jià)的指標(biāo),并結(jié)合小清河調(diào)查的實(shí)際情況,試圖建立一套適合小清河河流健康狀況評(píng)價(jià)的魚類完整性(F-IBI)指標(biāo)體系,并將之用來表達(dá)小清河生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的魚類完整性現(xiàn)狀以及評(píng)價(jià)小清河生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康狀況。另外,本研究還分析檢測(cè)到的各種理化因子與魚類完整性指數(shù)(F-IBI)的關(guān)系,找出小清河不同河段呈現(xiàn)“健康”或“不健康”狀態(tài)的主導(dǎo)因子或限制因素,為小清河的合理利用、污染治理與恢復(fù)保護(hù)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本研究利用2013年七月和十月對(duì)山東省小清河從源頭到入海口的取點(diǎn)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),采用Karr等修訂的5大類23個(gè)指標(biāo)體系,并結(jié)合山東省小清河魚類組成特征進(jìn)行候選指標(biāo)的篩選,初步建立適合小清河的魚類完整性指數(shù)(F-IBI)指標(biāo)體系。之后分別采用1、3、5賦值法和比值法建立魚類完整性評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),從而對(duì)小清河各個(gè)河段的生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況進(jìn)行健康評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明：1、3、5賦值法和比值法的結(jié)果雖然不完全相同,但趨勢(shì)是一致的。小清河干流從源頭到入�？诘暮佣谓】禒顩r呈現(xiàn)逐漸減弱之后有所改善的趨勢(shì),源頭濟(jì)南市睦里測(cè)點(diǎn)最“健康”,到東營市的王道測(cè)點(diǎn)健康狀況為“極差”,往東到濰坊市內(nèi)的測(cè)點(diǎn)健康狀況改善,這是因?yàn)槿牒？谔幱泻Ｑ篝~類的匯入,使得魚類完整性有所回升。小清河支流情況比干流的健康情況好。利用Pearson相關(guān)性分析來分析F-IBI值與測(cè)定的各個(gè)理化因子的相關(guān)性,結(jié)果表明：比值法的F-IBI值與水體氨氮濃度呈負(fù)相關(guān),說明水體氨氮濃度過高是影響小清河健康狀況的一個(gè)因素。
[Abstract]:The river is the link between land and ocean, is one of the key material circulation in the biosphere, its special habitat characteristics created the diversity of biological communities. The river is aquatic plants, plankton, benthos, amphibious animal and a variety of fish habitat, provide abundant freshwater resources for mankind, so the river ecological health assessment the system has been paid more and more attention. The river ecosystem health evaluation, use the physical, chemical and biological indicators. In recent years the study mostly shifted from the river water survey using purely biological index, which is the index of biological integrity was the most widely used biological indicator. The method can be used in many biological. Groups are usually available for selection of fish, benthic invertebrates, algae, plankton, higher vascular plants, microorganisms and so on, according to the researchers With the river biological choice. Most of the research at home and abroad before the three biological species, including fish species is indicative of biological integrity index method is the earliest use of river ecosystem health assessment, because of its advantages for characteristics of the health status of river ecosystem, so the fish integrity index (Fish-index of biotic integrity, F-IBI) is now at home and abroad on the health of river ecosystem is the most commonly used method. Shandong province is located in the territory of the Xiaoqing River, originated in Ji'nan city quanqun, eastward into Bohai, is with a flood, shipping, irrigation, aquaculture and other functions of the river, it has given Shandong province provide a lot of water and fish resources. Since the middle of 1980s after being contaminated, the government of Shandong to monitor water quality of the Xiaoqing River timing, also take the various methods Ecological restoration, is committed to improving the health status of the Xiaoqing River. The previous research on the health status of the Xiaoqing River are concentrated in the physical and chemical factors under the direction of this study combined with fish integrity assessment at home and abroad of river ecosystem indicators, combined with the actual situation of the Xiaoqing River fish survey, trying to establish a suitable small integrity Qinghe River Health Evaluation Index System (F-IBI), and will be used to express the Xiaoqing River ecosystem health fish integrity status and evaluation of Xiaoqing River ecosystem. In addition, this study also analyzes various detected physicochemical factors and fish integrity index (F-IBI) relationship, or find out the dominant factors Xiaoqing River has different limiting factors of "health" or "unhealthy" state, the rational use of the Xiaoqing River, and provide scientific basis for pollution control and recovery protection. This study in 2013 In July and October in Shandong Province, the Xiaoqing River from the source to the point from the mouth of the survey data, the Karr revision of the 5 categories of 23 indicators, selection and combination of Shandong Province, the Xiaoqing River fish composition characteristics of candidate indicators, preliminary establishment of fish integrity suitable for small Qinghe index (F-IBI) index system. After using the 1,3,5 assignment method and ratio method to establish fish integrity evaluation standard, health assessment of Xiaoqing River in each section of the ecological environment. The results show that the 1,3,5 assignment method and ratio method, although the result is not exactly the same, but the trend is consistent. Xiaoqing River from the source to the mouth of the river health gradually diminished after the improvement trend, the source of Ji'nan City Mu points the "health", to the city of Dongying, King point health as "very poor", east to the point of health survey of Weifang City This is because the import situation improved, at the mouth of the fish in the ocean, the fish integrity rebounded. The Xiaoqing River tributaries than health river. To analyze the correlation between various physicochemical factors and determination of the F-IBI value of the results show that using Pearson correlation analysis: F-IBI ratio was negatively correlated with water the water ammonia concentration, ammonia concentration is too high is one of the factors influencing the Xiaoqing river health.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X826

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 周曉蔚;王麗萍;鄭丙輝;劉錄三;付青;;基于底棲動(dòng)物完整性指數(shù)的河口健康評(píng)價(jià)[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2009年01期

2 楊蓮芳,李佑文,戚道光,孫長(zhǎng)海,田立新;九華河水生昆蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)和水質(zhì)生物評(píng)價(jià)價(jià)[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);1992年01期

3 戴紀(jì)翠;倪晉仁;;底棲動(dòng)物在水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評(píng)價(jià)中的作用分析[J];生態(tài)環(huán)境;2008年05期

4 孔紅梅,趙景柱,馬克明,張 萍,姬蘭柱,鄧紅兵,陸兆華;生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評(píng)價(jià)方法初探[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2002年04期

5 唐濤,蔡慶華,劉建康;河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康及其評(píng)價(jià)[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2002年09期

6 賈興煥;吳乃成;唐濤;蔡慶華;;香溪河水系附石藻類的時(shí)空動(dòng)態(tài)[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2008年04期

7 廖靜秋;黃藝;;應(yīng)用生物完整性指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的研究進(jìn)展[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2013年01期

，

本文編號(hào)：1700145