本文選題：酸析　切入點(diǎn)：木質(zhì)素　出處：《安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：造紙工業(yè)是我國污染較嚴(yán)重的行業(yè)之一,由于廢水COD、色度高,可生化性差等特點(diǎn),制漿造紙廢水的處理一直是水處理領(lǐng)域的難點(diǎn)之一。目前我國中小型造紙企業(yè)數(shù)量仍占多數(shù),鑒于造紙產(chǎn)品市場的巨大需求,短時期內(nèi)很難全部“取締”。受經(jīng)濟(jì)水平和管理水平限制,一些大型造紙企業(yè)所采用的廢水處理技術(shù)、設(shè)備很難應(yīng)用于中小型造紙企業(yè),因此探索適用于中小型造紙企業(yè)的制漿造紙廢水處理工藝,在今后一段時期內(nèi)仍是十分必要。本文立足中小型造紙企業(yè)的適用性,設(shè)計一種酸析—鐵碳微電解—MBR組合工藝,并以宣城涇縣某宣紙廠制漿造紙廢水為處理對象,開展實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,分析了組合工藝對制漿造紙廢水中有機(jī)污染和色度的去除效能與作用機(jī)理,為該工藝的進(jìn)一研究、應(yīng)用提供指導(dǎo)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)針對酸析法處理制漿造紙廢水,酸析法在提取制漿造紙黑液中木質(zhì)素的同時能有效降低廢水的污染指標(biāo),其中對COD去除率為27.1%~49.1%,色度去除率為75.7%~85.8%。(2)通過鐵碳微電解工藝處理造紙廢水,連續(xù)流試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明該工藝對COD和色度的平均去除率分別達(dá)到54.9%和57.6%;利用BOD_5/TOC比值來研究鐵碳微電解反應(yīng)器對其進(jìn)水可生化性的改善,結(jié)果表明經(jīng)處理后的廢水BOD_5/TOC提高到原水的2.9倍;污泥的脫氫酶活性研究表明在本試驗(yàn)條件下(微電解出水COD3000mg/L),微電解出水不產(chǎn)生顯著的微生物毒性;GC-MS檢測結(jié)果表明微電解反應(yīng)器可使廢水中分子有機(jī)物轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐捉到獾男》肿佑袡C(jī)物,使廢水中的有機(jī)物質(zhì)組成和成分發(fā)生了顯著的變化,從而提高了出水的可生化性。(3)MBR工藝最佳的停留時間為25h,對COD和色度的平均去除率分別達(dá)到68.4%和34.3%;SRT為50d,COD的平均去除率為68.4%;系統(tǒng)DO應(yīng)大于1mg/L,以保證MBR高效的有機(jī)物去除效率;通過勞倫斯和麥卡迪模型的有機(jī)底物降解模型和污泥增長模型,求得污產(chǎn)率系數(shù)Y為0.794gVSS/gBOD_5,Qg源代謝系數(shù)Kd為0.029d~(-1);最大比底物利用速率污r_(max)為0.18gCOD/(gVSS*d),污泥飽和常數(shù)Ks為232.9gBOD_5/m~3可為MBR工藝深度處理制漿造紙廢水的設(shè)計和運(yùn)行提供參考。膜污染類型研究結(jié)果表明膜組件以膜孔堵塞為主;GC/MS檢測檢測結(jié)果表明MBR可有效去除制漿造紙廢水中的有機(jī)物,有機(jī)物種類由88種降低到44種,其中總共減少了65種有機(jī)物,新增了21種有機(jī)污染物;對物質(zhì)的去除表明MBR工藝可有效的去除醇類,脂類、酮類等小分子有機(jī)物,而對難降解的酚類、芳香族、雜環(huán)類、氯代烴等有機(jī)物的去除作用有限。(4)制漿造紙廢水經(jīng)酸析—鐵碳微電解—MBR組合工藝處理后其COD和色度平均降低至260mg/L和33倍,組合工藝對制漿造紙廢水COD和色度總量的去除率可高達(dá)90%以上;但出水中仍含有一些難降解有機(jī)物,因此有必要增加后續(xù)處理單元以進(jìn)一步提升COD去除效果。
[Abstract]:Papermaking industry is one of the most polluted industries in China. Because of the characteristics of waste water, such as high color, poor biodegradability and so on, the treatment of pulp and paper wastewater is always one of the difficulties in the field of water treatment. At present, the number of small and medium-sized papermaking enterprises in China still accounts for the majority. In view of the huge demand in the market for papermaking products, it is difficult to "ban" all of them in a short period of time. Because of the economic level and management level, the waste water treatment technology adopted by some large papermaking enterprises is very difficult to apply to small and medium-sized papermaking enterprises. Therefore, it is still very necessary to explore the treatment process of pulp and paper wastewater suitable for small and medium sized papermaking enterprises in the future. Based on the applicability of small and medium sized papermaking enterprises, this paper designs a combination process of acid analysis, iron and carbon microelectrolysis and MBR. Taking the pulping and papermaking wastewater of a Xuancheng Jing County as the treatment object, an experimental study was carried out, and the removal efficiency and mechanism of organic pollution and chromaticity in the pulping and papermaking wastewater by the combined process were analyzed. The main results of this study are as follows: (1) for the treatment of pulping and papermaking wastewater by acid separation process, the acid separation method can effectively reduce the pollution index of the wastewater while extracting lignin from the black liquor of pulping and papermaking. The removal rate of COD was 27.1% and that of chroma removal rate was 75.7%. The process of iron and carbon microelectrolysis was used to treat papermaking wastewater. The results of continuous flow test show that the average removal rates of COD and chromaticity are 54.9% and 57.6%, respectively, and the improvement of the biodegradability of iron / carbon microelectrolysis reactor is studied by using BOD_5/TOC ratio. The results showed that the BOD_5/TOC of treated wastewater was 2.9 times higher than that of raw water. The dehydrogenase activity of sludge showed that the microelectrolytic effluent did not produce significant microbial toxicity under the conditions of this experiment (COD3000mg / L). The results of GC-MS showed that the microelectrolysis reactor could change the molecular organic compounds in the wastewater into easy reduction. The degradation of small molecules of organic matter, Resulting in significant changes in the composition and composition of organic substances in the wastewater, Thus, the best residence time of the effluent is 25 h, the average removal rate of COD and chromaticity is 68.4% and 34.3% respectively, and the average removal rate of COD is 68.4%, and the system do should be more than 1 mg / L in order to ensure the efficient removal efficiency of organic matter. Through the Lawrence and McCarthy models of organic substrate degradation model and sludge growth model, The sewage yield coefficient Y is 0.794g VSS / gBOD5Qg source metabolic coefficient KD is 0.029dn-1, the maximum substrate utilization rate is 0.18gCOD / gVSSdN, and the sludge saturation constant Ks is 232.9gBOD_5/m~3 can provide reference for the design and operation of advanced treatment of pulp and paper wastewater by MBR process. The results show that the sludge yield coefficient is 0.794g VSS / gBOD5QG source metabolism coefficient (KD = 0.029d-1), and the maximum substrate utilization rate (RSD) is 0.18gCOD / gVSSdN. The sludge saturation constant (Ks) is 232.9gBOD_5/m~3. The results show that MBR can effectively remove organic matter from pulp and papermaking wastewater. The number of organic compounds decreased from 88 to 44, of which 65 were reduced and 21 new organic pollutants were added. The removal of substances shows that the MBR process can effectively remove small molecular organic compounds such as alcohols, lipids, ketones, etc. However, the removal of organic compounds such as phenols, aromatics, heterocyclic compounds and chlorinated hydrocarbons is limited. 4) the COD and chromaticity of pulping and papermaking wastewater treated by the combination of acidation-iron-carbon micro-electrolysis and MBR are reduced to 260mg/L and 33 times on average. The removal rate of COD and total chromaticity of pulping and papermaking wastewater by the combined process can be as high as 90%, but there are still some refractory organic compounds in the effluent, so it is necessary to increase the follow-up treatment unit to further improve the removal efficiency of COD.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X793

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