本文選題：抑塵劑　切入點(diǎn)：水溶液聚合法　出處：《陜西科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國大部分地區(qū)都發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的霧霾現(xiàn)象,給交通運(yùn)輸及人們的生活和健康帶來了非常惡劣的影響。霧霾形成的主要原因是空氣中細(xì)顆粒物的含量超標(biāo),這些細(xì)顆粒物的形成存在多樣化因素,如城鎮(zhèn)拆建、散料運(yùn)輸、土地沙化等一系列與社會發(fā)展和人類生活息息相關(guān)的活動(dòng)。隨著科學(xué)發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)的抑塵方法(如篷布遮蓋、灑水等)由于使用不便、抑塵時(shí)間短等缺點(diǎn)逐漸被市場淘汰,近年來各種化學(xué)抑塵劑應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,并且發(fā)展迅速。目前廣泛使用的高分子抑塵劑多為硬殼型,產(chǎn)品噴灑后形成的固化層較脆,受到風(fēng)吹和運(yùn)輸中震蕩后容易碎裂,失去抑塵效果,且其成本較高。所以,制備價(jià)格低廉、成膜柔韌、抑塵性能優(yōu)良的抑塵劑很有必要。本論文以來源廣泛、價(jià)格低廉的天然小麥秸稈和羧甲基纖維素為原料,采用水溶液聚合法制備了軟膜型秸稈纖維素抑塵劑和聚乙烯醇(PVA)/羧甲基纖維素(CMC)接枝丙烯酰胺(AM)抑塵劑。實(shí)驗(yàn)主要研究了秸稈纖維素的提取工藝、秸稈纖維素抑塵劑的制備工藝及PVA/CMC-g-AM抑塵劑的制備方法,并利用傅里葉紅外光譜儀(FT-IR)、X-射線衍射儀(XRD)、熱重分析儀(TG)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)等對原料和抑塵劑產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)表征和形貌觀察;利用柔軟度儀考察了秸稈纖維素抑塵劑的成膜柔軟度;利用靜態(tài)接觸角測量儀考察了去離子水對秸稈纖維素的潤濕性和PVA/CMC-g-AM抑塵劑的潤濕能力。以煤粉為試驗(yàn)對象,考察了兩種抑塵劑的抗震蕩性能、抗風(fēng)蝕性能、保濕性能、滲透性能;通過煤堆模型浸泡實(shí)驗(yàn)考察了秸稈纖維素抑塵劑的耐水性能。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)秸稈纖維素的較佳提取工藝條件為:用質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為10%的Na OH溶液以12:1的液固質(zhì)量比在100℃下蒸煮粉狀秸稈90min。FT-IR分析結(jié)果表明天然秸稈中存在醚鍵、酯鍵等多種特征官能團(tuán),而秸稈纖維素結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,以羥基為主;XRD分析結(jié)果表明天然秸稈結(jié)晶度低,只有7.59%;經(jīng)過提取處理,纖維素結(jié)構(gòu)中的大量OH暴露出來,形成氫鍵,結(jié)晶度升高為27.04%。天然秸稈與去離子水的接觸角為69.0°,而秸稈纖維素與去離子水的接觸角為15.9°,進(jìn)一步說明秸稈纖維素表面變粗糙,與試劑的接觸面積大幅度增加。(2)秸稈纖維素抑塵劑的較佳合成工藝條件為:m(纖維素):m(丙烯酸):m(二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨)=6:5:1,引發(fā)劑過硫酸鉀(KSP)用量為總單體質(zhì)量的1.0%,交聯(lián)劑N,N’-亞甲基雙丙烯酰胺(MBA)用量為總單體質(zhì)量的0.5%,65℃下反應(yīng)5h后,其接枝率達(dá)到了83.2%。當(dāng)丙三醇的添加量占總質(zhì)量的20%時(shí),得到的抑塵劑膠膜結(jié)晶度只有3.80%,此時(shí)抑塵劑成膜柔軟。TG分析結(jié)果表明接枝共聚物的熱分解溫度在230℃以上。使用質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為8%的抑塵劑(固含量為32.3%)溶液噴灑煤粉后,10h的抗風(fēng)蝕試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示煤粉的損失率為5.2%,9h的連續(xù)震蕩試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示煤粉的損失率為5.4%,分別較單純用水噴灑時(shí)的損失率降低了17.6%和46.6%。(3)當(dāng)m(CMC):m(PVA):m(AM)=3:1:4,KSP為單體質(zhì)量的1.2%,MBA為單體質(zhì)量的0.5%,在65℃下反應(yīng)5.5h后,制備出粘度合適的PVA/CMC-g-AM抑塵劑。PVA/CMC-g-AM共聚物的熱穩(wěn)定性良好,熱分解溫度在250℃以上,SEM觀察到共聚物膠膜具有鮮明的多孔結(jié)構(gòu)。正向滲透試驗(yàn)和接觸角測量結(jié)果表明,在抑塵劑中加入0.2%的十二烷基本磺酸鈉(SDBS)就可以提高其對煤粉的滲透性和潤濕性;將質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)1.0%的SDBS加入到6%的抑塵劑(固含量26.7%)溶液中,其與煤粉的接觸角為18.9°,滲透厚度達(dá)到3.4cm。應(yīng)用實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,此抑塵劑具有較好的保濕性和抗風(fēng)蝕性,在煤粉表面噴灑抑塵劑溶液后,50℃下10h其水分的蒸發(fā)量為0.2g/cm2;風(fēng)蝕實(shí)驗(yàn)12h,其煤粉損失率只有1.8%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, most areas of our country have undergone severe haze phenomenon, caused a very bad influence to the transportation and people's life and health. The main reason for the formation of haze is exceed the standard content of fine particles in the air, the formation of these fine particles of varied factors, such as urban construction and demolition, bulk transportation the land desertification, and a series of social development and human life activities. With the development of science, the traditional methods (such as dust suppression sprinkler tarpaulin cover, etc.) due to the use of inconvenience, short time dust suppression shortcomings gradually eliminated by the market, in recent years a variety of chemical dust suppressant came into being, and the rapid development of polymer widely. The use of dust suppressant for shell type, spray formed after the curing layer is brittle, by the wind and transport of shocks to fragmentation, loss of dust suppression effect, and the cost is high. Therefore, the preparation of price Low price, flexible film, dust suppression performance excellent dust suppressant is necessary. In this paper, a wide range of sources, low price of natural wheat straw and carboxymethyl cellulose as raw material, soft straw cellulose dust suppressant and polyvinyl alcohol prepared by aqueous solution polymerization (PVA) / carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) acrylamide (AM) dust suppressant. The experiment mainly studied the extraction technology of straw cellulose, preparation method and preparation process of straw cellulose and PVA/CMC-g-AM dust suppressant dust agent, and by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), X- ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), scanning electron microscope (SEM) of raw materials and dust suppressant products were characterized and the morphology of film was investigated; straw dust suppressant with softness tester flexibility; the use of static contact angle measuring instrument of deionized water of lignocellulose Wetting and wetting ability of PVA/CMC-g-AM anti dust agent. Using coal as the research object, the effects of two kinds of dust suppressant anti shock performance, anti erosion properties, moisture retention, permeability; water resistance effects of straw cellulose dust suppressant by coal pile model immersion test. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) conditions the better extraction process of straw cellulose is: the mass fraction of Na 10% OH solution with a 12:1 ratio of liquid to solid powdered straw cooking 90min.FT-IR results at 100 DEG C indicates the existence of ether bond natural straw, ester bond and other characteristics of functional groups, and the cellulose structure is simple, with hydroxyl; XRD analysis showed that natural straw low crystallinity, only 7.59%; after extraction processing, a large number of OH structure in the cellulose exposed, the formation of hydrogen bonds, increases the crystallinity of 27.04%. natural straw and deionized water contact angle is 69 degrees, and the straw fiber Cellulose and deionized water contact angle is 15.9 degrees, further shows the cellulose surface becomes rough, increasing the contact area with the reagent greatly. (2) straw dust suppressant optimum synthesis process conditions: m (cellulose): m (acrylic acid): m (two dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) =6:5:1, potassium persulfate (KSP) dosage is 1% of the total monomer mass, crosslinking agent N, N '- methylene bis acrylamide (MBA) amount for 0.5% of the total mass of monomer, reaction temperature 65 5h, the grafting rate of 83.2%. when adding glycerol accounted for 20% of the total mass when the dust suppressant film crystallinity of only 3.80%, the dust suppressant film is soft.TG analysis results show that the decomposition temperature at 230 DEG C of graft copolymer of heat. With the mass fraction of dust suppressant 8% (solid content 32.3%) solution spraying pulverized coal, anti erosion test results show 10h pulverized coal the loss The rate is 5.2%, the continuous vibration test results of 9h display coal loss rate is 5.4%, compared with the pure water spraying respectively when the loss rate decreased by 17.6% and 46.6%. (3) when m (CMC): m (PVA): m (AM) =3:1:4, KSP as the monomer mass of 1.2% MBA as monomer the quality of the 0.5%, 5.5h reaction under the temperature of 65 DEG C, prepared by the thermal stability of PVA/CMC-g-AM dust suppressant suitable viscosity.PVA/CMC-g-AM copolymer, temperature at 250 DEG to thermal decomposition, SEM observed copolymer adhesive film with porous structure. The distinctive forward osmosis test and contact angle measurement results show that the dust suppression agent adding 0.2% basic twelve alkyl sulfonic acid sodium (SDBS) can improve the coal permeability and wettability; the mass fraction of 1% SDBS was added to the dust suppressant 6% (solid content 26.7%) solution, the coal and the contact angle is 18.9 degree, penetration thickness of 3.4cm. application. The experimental results show that the this dust The agent has good moisture retention and wind erosion resistance. After spraying the dust suppressant solution on the surface of the coal powder, the evaporation amount of 10h is 0.2g/cm2 at 50 C, and the pulverized coal loss rate of the wind erosion test 12h is only 1.8%..

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ352.79;X513

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