本文選題：生態(tài)浮床　切入點：COD_(Cr)　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：防治水體污染,保護(hù)和改善水體環(huán)境,保障飲用水安全,對促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和實現(xiàn)“中國夢”具有重要意義。有機(jī)污染物是衡量水環(huán)境污染程度和國家控制削減的重要指標(biāo)。水體中有機(jī)污染物過高時表現(xiàn)為水體發(fā)黑、發(fā)臭、破壞水體平衡,不僅危害水體生態(tài)系統(tǒng),還能通過食物鏈進(jìn)入頂端,危害人類健康。因此,控制和削減有機(jī)污染物是治理水體環(huán)境的重要目標(biāo)之一。生態(tài)浮床作為一種有效的生物-生態(tài)原位修復(fù)工程技術(shù),利用植物吸收和根系微生物作用,以人工浮床的形式固定高等水生植物到污染水體中,以達(dá)到削減有機(jī)物和氮磷、凈化水質(zhì)的目的。具有可造作性強(qiáng)、成本低、易維護(hù)、景觀效果好、二次污染小等優(yōu)點,近年來已在水庫、湖泊等治理中取得了較為顯著的效果。本論文在傳統(tǒng)生態(tài)浮床的基礎(chǔ)上,通過引進(jìn)微曝氣系統(tǒng)和人工介質(zhì),構(gòu)建“曝氣單元(微孔曝氣系統(tǒng))+微生物處理單元(人工介質(zhì))+水生植物單元(紫鳶尾植物浮床)”的微曝氣強(qiáng)化生態(tài)浮床,探討分析該浮床在不同運行條件下,對水中有機(jī)物去除效果研究,了解微曝氣強(qiáng)化生態(tài)浮床系統(tǒng)中有機(jī)物的變化規(guī)律和去除機(jī)理,確定最佳運行條件,為微曝氣強(qiáng)化生態(tài)浮床技術(shù)的水體污染防治控制理論和實際工程應(yīng)用應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)和設(shè)計支撐,并得出如下主要結(jié)論：(1)在相同實驗條件下,微曝氣強(qiáng)化生態(tài)浮床中C ODcr、TN禾口TP的去除率分別59.2%、76.8%、和62.7%,高于強(qiáng)化生態(tài)浮床和傳統(tǒng)生態(tài)浮CODcr、TN和TP的去除率。結(jié)果表明采用微孔曝氣、人工介質(zhì)、紫鳶尾植物浮床構(gòu)成的微曝氣強(qiáng)化生態(tài)浮床能顯著提高水中微生物的生物量和生物活性,人工介質(zhì)和曝氣單元的引入強(qiáng)化了浮床系統(tǒng)對水中有機(jī)負(fù)荷的去除效率和脫氮除磷的效果。同時,紫鳶尾可作為一種良好的浮床植物。(2)在相同實驗條件下,不同曝氣量的微曝氣強(qiáng)化生態(tài)浮床去除BOD5和CODcr的效率表現(xiàn)為：7.5Lmin-110Lmin-15Lmin-12.5Lmin-10Lmin-1。水體中DO值和微生物量是影響生態(tài)浮床去除CODcr和BOD5效果的重要因素。過高的曝氣量對提高水體中有機(jī)物的去除效率并不明顯,因此,綜合考慮效率及成本,應(yīng)合理設(shè)計曝氣量。(3)不同人工介質(zhì)對微曝氣強(qiáng)化生態(tài)浮床去除水中有機(jī)物的效果不同,其對BOD5和CODcr的去除效率表現(xiàn)為：組合填料組合+立體填料立體彈性填料。相比立體彈性填料放射狀結(jié)構(gòu),組合填料的滌綸纖維結(jié)構(gòu)更有利于截留水中有機(jī)物和適合微生物生長,單純提高填料表面積并不能有效提高填料的水質(zhì)凈化運行效果,需要綜合考慮填料材質(zhì)、截留水中有機(jī)物和易于微生物附著生長等因素。(4)不同曝氣量、不同人工介質(zhì)條件下微曝氣強(qiáng)化生態(tài)浮床BOD5/CODcr比值隨時間呈現(xiàn)兩邊高、中間低、后期比初期低的走勢。微曝氣強(qiáng)化生態(tài)浮床處理后的污染水體中B/C值有所下降。
[Abstract]:To prevent and control water pollution, to protect and improve the water environment, and to ensure the safety of drinking water, It is of great significance to promote the overall coordinated and sustainable development of economy and society and to realize "Chinese Dream". Organic pollutants are an important index to measure the pollution degree of water environment and to be controlled and reduced by the state. When the organic pollutants in water body are too high, the organic pollutants in water are too high. It is manifested in the blackening of the water body, Smelling, disrupting water balance, not only endangering the aquatic ecosystem, but also reaching the top through the food chain, endangering human health. The control and reduction of organic pollutants is one of the important objectives of water environment control. As an effective in situ biological-ecological remediation technology, ecological floating bed utilizes plant absorption and root microorganism. In order to reduce organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus and purify water quality, high aquatic plants were fixed in the form of artificial floating bed. It has the advantages of strong craftability, low cost, easy maintenance, good landscape effect and little secondary pollution, etc. In recent years, more remarkable results have been obtained in the treatment of reservoirs and lakes. Based on the traditional ecological floating bed, the microaeration system and artificial medium are introduced in this paper. The micro-aeration enhanced ecological floating bed of "microorganism treatment unit (artificial medium) aquatic plant unit (purple iris floatation bed)" was constructed, and the floating bed was analyzed under different operating conditions. In this paper, the removal effect of organic matter in water was studied, and the change law and removal mechanism of organic matter in micro-aeration enhanced ecological floating bed system were understood, and the optimum operating conditions were determined. It provides theoretical basis and design support for water pollution prevention and control theory and practical engineering application of micro-aeration enhanced ecological floating bed technology, and draws the following main conclusions: 1) under the same experimental conditions, The removal rates of TP in the inlet of C ODcrcrTN in the ecological floating bed enhanced by micro-aeration were 59.2 and 62.7, respectively, which were higher than those in the enhanced ecological floatation bed and the traditional ecological floating bed. The results showed that microporous aeration and artificial medium were used in the removal of TN and TP. The micro-aeration enhanced ecological floating bed can significantly improve the biomass and biological activity of microorganisms in water. The introduction of artificial medium and aeration unit strengthened the removal efficiency of organic load and nitrogen and phosphorus removal in water by floating bed system. At the same time, Iris purpurea could be used as a good floating bed plant. The removal efficiency of BOD5 and CODcr by micro-aeration enhanced ecological floating bed with different aeration rates is as follows: 7.5Lmin-110Lmin-15Lmin-12.5 Lmin-10Lmin-1. Do and microbial biomass in water are important factors affecting the removal of CODcr and BOD5 by ecological floating bed. The removal efficiency is not obvious. Therefore, considering the efficiency and cost, the aeration volume should be reasonably designed. 3) the effect of different artificial media on the removal of organic matter in water by micro-aeration enhanced ecological floating bed is different. The removal efficiency of BOD5 and CODcr is as follows: combined packing and stereoscopic elastic packing. Compared with the radial structure of stereoscopic elastic packing, the structure of polyester fiber with combined packing is more favorable for intercepting organic matter in water and suitable for microbial growth. Simply increasing the surface area of fillers can not effectively improve the performance of water quality purification of fillers. It is necessary to consider comprehensively the factors such as packing material, interception of organic matter in water and easy growth of microorganism, etc.) different aeration rates should be taken into account. The BOD5/CODcr ratio of micro-aeration enhanced ecological floating bed in different artificial medium showed the trend of high on both sides, low in the middle, and lower in the later period than in the early stage. The B / C value of polluted water decreased after micro-aeration enhanced ecological floating bed treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703

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