本文選題：給水污泥　切入點：磷　出處：《蘭州交通大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,保護資源環(huán)境和保障生產(chǎn)生活安全的公益性需要社會化治理,實現(xiàn)廢棄物的減量化、無害化、資源化和能源化已成為許多國家努力的目標,給水污泥作為自來水廠絮凝劑沉淀形成的產(chǎn)物,存在產(chǎn)生數(shù)量龐大、處理處置不夠完善等問題,對生態(tài)環(huán)境與人群健康造成潛在危害,因此探討給水污泥的資源化利用成為目前自來水廠亟待解決的問題之一。本研究以給水污泥為研究對象,根據(jù)其物化性質(zhì)開展給水污泥對磷的靜態(tài)吸附特性研究,探討了溶液初始濃度、粒徑、pH、投加量等因素對吸附的影響,通過基礎實驗研究,將給水污泥制備成復合填料用于人工濕地,進行基于給水污泥基質(zhì)的人工濕地處理農(nóng)村生活污水的生產(chǎn)性試驗,結(jié)果表明:1、給水污泥表征實驗采用SEM/XRD和EDS等表征方法,對給水污泥的表面形貌和結(jié)構(gòu)特征進行表征和分析。分析結(jié)果表明,基質(zhì)表面粗糙,表面是由許多片狀形態(tài)構(gòu)成且結(jié)構(gòu)組成碎裂松散;主要元素組成為O、Si、C、Al,質(zhì)量分數(shù)約占基質(zhì)組成的90%,其次,Fe、Ca的含量也較高;主要成分為SiO2晶體,有少量的AlPO4晶體存在,主要成分為SiO2、Al2SiO5(OH)2、Fe3FeSiO4(OH)5,表明基質(zhì)里的鐵、鋁等元素主要是以非晶態(tài)形式存在。2、給水污泥吸附試驗給水污泥吸附材料,對模擬含磷廢水進行了吸附研究。在單因素實驗基礎上,采用4因素4水平的正交實驗設計方法,研究了材料的粒徑、投加量和溶液pH以及吸附時間對除磷效果的影響。正交實驗與單因素實驗結(jié)果表明最佳實驗方案為:pH為3,粒徑1.98mm,投加量8.0g/L,吸附時間24h。基于單因素和正交實驗結(jié)果,選取投加量、pH和粒徑3種影響因素為影響因子,以磷的去除率為響應值,采用Box-Behnken響應面分析法(BBD)研究了3種因素對磷去除率的影響以及各因素間的交互作用。建立了二次多項式回歸方程預測模型,成功預測出最佳除磷工藝條件為污泥投加量3.88g/L,pH=3.00,粒徑1.00mm,該條件下磷的去除率可達95.13%。因此,響應面分析法是優(yōu)化給水污泥吸附除磷工藝的可行方法。3、動力學熱力學實驗對給水污泥基質(zhì)進行等溫吸附、吸附動力學和熱力學實驗,研究基質(zhì)對磷的吸附機理。Langmuir、Freundlich和D-R方程均能較好的擬合基質(zhì)對磷的吸附特征,從相關(guān)系數(shù)來看,Freundlich方程的描述更準確。在298K、308K、318K溫度下,Langmuir擬合得到的理論飽和吸附量分別為3.47mg/g,3.84mg/g,4.39mg/g。由D-R方程計算的吸附自由能E為10.77-10.83 kJ/mol,表明吸附過程為離子交換吸附。準二級動力學方程能更準確的反應基質(zhì)對磷的吸附動力學特征;顆粒內(nèi)擴散方程表明,吸附過程受兩個步驟控制:液膜擴散和孔道內(nèi)擴散。熱力學計算結(jié)果:ΔG00,ΔH00,表明吸附是自發(fā)的吸熱反應。4、生產(chǎn)性試驗結(jié)合正交實驗、響應面優(yōu)化的結(jié)果以及課題組專利技術(shù)制備出給水污泥符合填料,將其用于潛流人工濕地處理農(nóng)村生活污水。在強化化糞池組合給水污泥基質(zhì)的人工濕地運行期間,該組合工藝對該地區(qū)農(nóng)村生活污水具有較好的處理效果。其中,當TP進水濃度范圍在12.41~15.34mg/L之間時,出水濃度在0.21~0.76mg/L,系統(tǒng)對TP的去除率能夠保持在90%以上;當NH4+-N進水濃度范圍在122~143mg/L之間時,出水濃度范圍在13~29mg/L之間,系統(tǒng)對NH4+-N的去除率保持在79~90%之間;當CODCr進水濃度范圍在153~192mg/L之間時,出水濃度在31~54mg/L之間,濕地對CODCr的去除率在70%以上。
[Abstract]:With the social and economic development, protect the environment and ensure the production and life safety of public welfare needs of social governance, to achieve waste reduction, harmless, resources and energy has become the goal of many countries, the water tap water plant sludge as flocculant precipitate to form the product, there have a large number of problems of disposal is not perfect so, cause potential harm to health ecological environment and population, resource utilization of sludge water therefore becomes one of the problems to be solved. Tap water factory based on the water supply sludge as the research object, according to their physicochemical properties research on static adsorption characteristics of phosphorus in water and sludge, the effects of the initial solution concentration, particle size. Effects of pH, dosage and other factors on the adsorption, through the experimental study foundation, the water supply sludge prepared into composite filler for artificial wetland, based on water supply Sludge artificial wetland for treatment of rural domestic sewage production test, the results showed that: 1, water supply sludge characterization experiments using SEM/XRD and EDS methods, the surface morphology and structural characteristics of the water supply sludge were characterized and analyzed. The analysis results show that the matrix of rough surface, the surface is composed of many forms and sheet structure broken loose; main elements O, Si, C, Al, the mass fraction of about 90% matrix composition, secondly, Fe, Ca content is higher; the main components of SiO2 crystal, AlPO4 crystal is small, the main composition is SiO2, Al2SiO5 (OH) 2, Fe3FeSiO4 (OH) 5. Show that the matrix of iron, aluminum and other elements mainly exist in the form of amorphous.2, sludge adsorption test water sludge adsorption material, simulated Phosphorus Wastewater by adsorption research. Based on single factor test, orthogonal experimental design with 4 factors and 4 levels The research method, the grain size of the material, effects of dosage and pH of the solution and adsorption time on phosphorus removal. The orthogonal experiment and single factor experiment results show that the best experimental program: pH 3, 1.98mm particle size, the dosage of 8.0g/L, adsorption time 24h. single factor and orthogonal experimental results based on the selected dosage the amount of factors, pH and particle size of 3 kinds of influence as influencing factors, the phosphorus removal rate as the response value, using the Box-Behnken method of response surface analysis (BBD) of the 3 factor interaction and the influence of the removal rate of phosphorus. Among the factors established two polynomial regression equation prediction model, prediction of success the best conditions for phosphorus removal sludge dosage of 3.88g/L, pH=3.00, 1.00mm in diameter, under this condition, the removal rate of phosphorus is 95.13%. therefore, response surface analysis method is a feasible method for the optimization of water adsorption on sludge removal process.3, kinetics of thermal mechanical experiments on water pollution 娉ュ熀璐ㄨ繘琛岀瓑娓╁惛闄，

本文編號：1662342