本文選題：單壁碳納米管(SWCNTs)　切入點(diǎn)：水稻　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著納米技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,碳納米管(CNTs)作為一種新型的納米材料,因其具有大的比表面積和高表面能,而被廣泛地應(yīng)用于工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。然而,在碳納米管(CNTs)材料的生產(chǎn)、應(yīng)用和處理等過(guò)程中,CNTs將不可避免的進(jìn)入到大氣、水和土壤環(huán)境中,可能對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能產(chǎn)生潛在的負(fù)面影響。水稻是人類(lèi)賴以生存的農(nóng)作物,進(jìn)入到環(huán)境中的CNTs會(huì)被水稻植物吸收,再通過(guò)食物鏈最終進(jìn)入到人體中,可能會(huì)對(duì)人體健康造成潛在危險(xiǎn)。目前,相關(guān)研究主要探索CNTs對(duì)人、動(dòng)物和微生物的毒性效應(yīng),而CNTs對(duì)植物的毒性效應(yīng)和致毒機(jī)制還不完全清楚。本研究的目的是采用水培實(shí)驗(yàn),通過(guò)研究不同濃度的單壁碳納米管(SWCNTs)(10、20、40 mg/L)對(duì)萌發(fā)期內(nèi)水稻的發(fā)芽率、根長(zhǎng)和幼苗生長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)水稻的鮮重、干重、含水率、葉綠素、可溶性蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過(guò)氧化氫酶(CAT)和脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化的影響,揭示單壁碳納米管對(duì)水稻的毒性效應(yīng),并試圖探討其致毒機(jī)制;通過(guò)研究水稻植株對(duì)單壁碳納米管的吸收累積,了解單壁碳納米管進(jìn)入水稻植株的可能途徑以及在水稻植株體中的分布。結(jié)果表明,SWCNTs對(duì)水稻發(fā)芽率沒(méi)有任何抑制作用,但是會(huì)延遲種子的發(fā)芽時(shí)間;SWCNTs能顯著抑制水稻幼苗植株的生長(zhǎng),且隨著單壁碳納米管濃度的增加,水稻根長(zhǎng)、鮮重、干重、含水率、葉綠素和可溶性蛋白呈下降趨勢(shì)。進(jìn)一步研究表明,SWCNTs引起水稻體內(nèi)活性氧自由基(ROS)含量的變化,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和過(guò)氧化氫酶(CAT)抗氧化酶活性升高,對(duì)水稻造成過(guò)氧化損傷,導(dǎo)致脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化。另外,通過(guò)透射電鏡觀察(TEM)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)SWCNTs顆粒分布在水稻幼苗根尖表皮細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞壁中,這表明水稻幼苗通過(guò)根吸收了SWCNTs顆粒。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of nanotechnology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as a new type of nano-materials, have been widely used in industrial fields because of their large specific surface area and high surface energy. In the process of application and treatment, CNTs will inevitably enter the atmosphere, water and soil environment, which may have a potential negative impact on ecosystem structure and function. CNTs that enters the environment will be absorbed by rice plants and eventually entered into the human body through the food chain, which may pose a potential hazard to human health. At present, related studies have mainly explored the toxic effects of CNTs on humans, animals and microbes. However, the toxic effect and mechanism of CNTs on plants were not completely clear. The purpose of this study was to study the germination rate of rice during germination period by using hydroponics experiments with different concentrations of SWCN-CNT (1020mg / L). The effects of fresh weight, dry weight, moisture content, chlorophyll, soluble protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (catalase) and lipid peroxidation of rice during root length and seedling growth stage were studied. Through the study of the absorption and accumulation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in rice plants, To understand the possible pathway of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into rice plants and their distribution in rice plantlets. The results showed that SWCNTs had no inhibitory effect on the germination rate of rice. But SWCNTs could significantly inhibit the growth of rice seedlings, and the root length, fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content increased with the increase of single-walled carbon nanotube concentration. Further studies showed that SWCNTs caused changes in the content of reactive oxygen free radicals (Ros) in rice, which led to the increase of antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase catalase (catalase). In addition, SWCNTs particles were found to be distributed in the cell wall of the root epidermis of rice seedlings, which indicated that rice seedlings absorbed SWCNTs particles through the root.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X171.5

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