本文選題：汞　切入點(diǎn)：賦存形態(tài)　出處：《北京化工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：人們對(duì)重金屬各形態(tài)與植物吸收之間相關(guān)性研究的深入,發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)入土壤中汞的毒性不僅和其總量有關(guān),更和它賦存狀態(tài)相關(guān)。習(xí)慣上,研究者一般通過(guò)逐步回歸分析法或者簡(jiǎn)單地通過(guò)相關(guān)性分析法來(lái)確定哪一種賦存形態(tài)的汞污染物或幾種賦存形態(tài)的加和汞量作為有效態(tài)汞。而在土壤這一復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)中,各形態(tài)汞并不是獨(dú)立存在的,相互間存在著競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、吸附-解吸、轉(zhuǎn)化等過(guò)程,而使各形態(tài)汞含量發(fā)生變化。研究以福建泉州某煉金區(qū)汞污染土壤為研究對(duì)象,采用修正的Tessier五步土壤汞提取方法和偏相關(guān)、回歸分析等數(shù)據(jù)處理分析技術(shù),研究土壤中汞的賦存狀態(tài)、相互之間的轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系及其生物有效性等問(wèn)題,提出針對(duì)該區(qū)汞污染土壤的化學(xué)固定修復(fù)措施及修復(fù)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；然后通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室小試確定化學(xué)固定劑NTSH的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)；然后在野外進(jìn)行推廣中試實(shí)驗(yàn),以確定NTSH的固化效果。研究顯示,該區(qū)土壤中五種賦存狀態(tài)汞污染物的含量排布為：Organ Resid Exch Fe-Mn-Ox Carb,有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)汞含量占總汞含量的60%以上；土壤中這五種形態(tài)汞含量是變化的,各組分間不是獨(dú)立存在的,內(nèi)部之間是可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化的,這種轉(zhuǎn)化處于一種動(dòng)態(tài)的平衡狀態(tài)。研究還表明,土壤中具有生物活性的汞的主要賦存狀態(tài)是可交換態(tài)汞和弱有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)汞。固化劑NTSH的加入能夠明顯地降低土壤中能被植物吸收的活性態(tài)汞含量,減少?gòu)耐寥澜M分轉(zhuǎn)移到植物體內(nèi)的汞含量。研究還表明,在不影響植物正常生長(zhǎng)的前提下,化學(xué)固定劑NTSH的添加量越大、固化穩(wěn)定時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),其固化效果就越好。單因素分析表明,對(duì)該區(qū)汞污染土壤,采用添加0.36%的NTSH、穩(wěn)定兩月的情況下,其固化率可達(dá)80%。且NTSH處理后的汞污染土壤對(duì)不同pH值、有機(jī)質(zhì)、溫度具有一定耐受性,固化效果受外界環(huán)境的影響不大。野外中試實(shí)驗(yàn)得出了與實(shí)驗(yàn)室小試相似的結(jié)論,其對(duì)土壤有效態(tài)汞固化率可達(dá)75%,降低植物體內(nèi)汞含量近80%,且穩(wěn)定時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),效果越佳。NTSH可用于修復(fù)該區(qū)汞污染場(chǎng)地。
[Abstract]:In the study of the correlation between the forms of heavy metals and plant uptake, it was found that the toxicity of mercury entering the soil is not only related to its total amount, but also to its occurrence state. Researchers generally use stepwise regression analysis or simply correlation analysis to determine which forms of mercury pollutant or several forms of mercury are added as available mercury. Each form of mercury does not exist independently, and there is competition, sorption-desorption, transformation and other processes among the forms of mercury. The mercury pollution soil in a gold-smelting area in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, was studied in this study. Using the modified Tessier five-step soil mercury extraction method, partial correlation, regression analysis and other data processing techniques, the occurrence status of mercury in soil, the transformation relationship between each other and the bioavailability of mercury were studied. The chemical fixation remediation measures and remediation evaluation criteria for mercury contaminated soils in this area were put forward, and then the parameters of chemical fixator NTSH were determined by laboratory tests, and then the pilot experiments were carried out in the field. In order to determine the solidification effect of NTSH, the study showed that the five kinds of mercury pollutants in the soil of the region were distributed in the order of: Organ Resid Exch Fe-Mn-Ox carb, and the organic-bound mercury content accounted for more than 60% of the total mercury content, and the five forms of mercury in the soil varied. Each component does not exist independently, but interiorly can be transformed into each other, which is in a dynamic equilibrium state. The main occurrence states of bioactive mercury in soil are exchangeable mercury and weakly organic bound mercury. The addition of curing agent NTSH can obviously reduce the active mercury content that can be absorbed by plants in soil. The study also showed that, without affecting the normal growth of plants, the larger the amount of chemical fixator NTSH was, the longer the solidification time was. The results of univariate analysis showed that the solidification rate of mercury-contaminated soil in this area could reach 80 by adding 0.36% NTSH0.The mercury contaminated soil treated with NTSH had different pH and organic matter. The temperature has some tolerance, and the curing effect is not affected by the outside environment. The results of the field pilot-scale experiment are similar to those of the laboratory test. The solidification rate of available mercury to soil can reach 75%, and the mercury content in plants is reduced by 80%, and the longer the stabilization time is, the better the effect is. NTSH can be used to repair mercury contaminated sites in this area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53

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