本文選題：灰化苔草　切入點：鉛污染　出處：《江西師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化進程的加快和社會經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展,我國土壤和水體重金屬污染問題日益嚴重,并已嚴重危害到人類的健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文以鄱陽湖自然濕地優(yōu)勢植物灰化苔草和重金屬污染物Pb為研究對象,在南磯山濕地建立野外實驗田,監(jiān)測灰化苔草在整個培養(yǎng)期內(nèi)(包括苗期、伸長期和成熟期),不同Pb和Pb、Cu、Zn復(fù)合濃度下光譜參數(shù)(包括藍谷位置與深度、綠峰位置與峰值、紅谷位置與深度、紅邊位置、紅邊峰值、紅邊斜率、紅邊歸一化植被指數(shù)(NDVI705)、近紅外反射坪反射率平均值(R750-1250))的變化,研究灰化苔草對Pb及其復(fù)合污染的高光譜響應(yīng),結(jié)果表明:1、單一Pb污染的試驗濃度為0、500、1000、1500、2000 mg/kg:(1)在單一Pb試驗濃度范圍內(nèi),灰化苔草在整個培養(yǎng)期內(nèi)未出現(xiàn)枯亡現(xiàn)象,即其對Pb的耐性上限超過2000 mg/kg;(2)隨著添加Pb濃度的升高,灰化苔草葉片Pb含量與土壤有效態(tài)Pb含量均逐漸升高;并且灰化苔草葉片SPAD值(代表葉綠素的相對含量)呈現(xiàn)明顯降低的趨勢;(3)灰化苔草葉片在Pb脅迫下敏感光譜波段與特征參數(shù)為:550 nm附近的綠峰峰值,495 nm附近的藍谷深度,675 nm附近的紅谷深度,725 nm附近的紅邊峰值和紅邊斜率,750~1250 nm范圍內(nèi)的R750-1250;灰化苔草在整個培養(yǎng)期內(nèi),藍谷深度、紅谷深度、紅邊峰值、紅邊斜率、NDVI705和R750-1250均與葉片Pb含量之間保持負的相關(guān)性,綠峰峰值與葉片Pb含量保持正相關(guān)性;(4)灰化苔草在整個培養(yǎng)期內(nèi),藍谷深度、紅谷深度、紅邊峰值、紅邊斜率、NDVI705和R750-1250與葉片SPAD值的變化規(guī)律相對一致,即隨著時間的推移,都呈現(xiàn)逐漸降低的趨勢;(5)通過分析灰化苔草葉片光譜參數(shù)在整個培養(yǎng)期內(nèi)的變化過程,發(fā)現(xiàn)Pb污染下灰化苔草最佳監(jiān)測生育期為灰化苔草的伸長期。2、PbCu復(fù)合污染的試驗范圍濃度為0、Pb400/Cu100、Pb400/Cu200、Pb600/Cu200、Pb800/Cu100 mg/kg:(1)隨著添加Pb、Cu濃度的增加,灰化苔草葉片和土壤有效態(tài)Pb、Cu含量總體上呈現(xiàn)上升的趨勢;(2)Pb濃度的升高對葉片和土壤有效態(tài)Cu含量的影響不大,故Cu的脅迫作用占據(jù)PbCu復(fù)合污染的主導(dǎo)地位;(3)在整個培養(yǎng)期內(nèi),葉片和土壤重金屬含量、葉片葉綠素含量、各項光譜參數(shù)隨添加Pb、Cu濃度的變化而變化的規(guī)律不明顯,規(guī)律性不強。3、PbZn復(fù)合污染的試驗范圍濃度為0、Pb400/Zn400、Pb600/Zn600 mg/kg:(1)灰化苔草葉片和土壤有效態(tài)重金屬含量隨著Pb、Zn添加濃度的升高而升高,葉片SPAD值逐漸降低;(2)伸長期的光譜數(shù)據(jù)較其他生育期敏感,故為灰化苔草在PbZn復(fù)合脅迫的最佳監(jiān)測生育期,其中紅邊峰值和紅邊斜率較其他光譜特征值更為敏感,可作為監(jiān)測光譜特征參數(shù)。4、PbCu Zn復(fù)合污染的試驗濃度為0、Pb200/Cu100/Zn200、Pb200/Cu200/Zn200、Pb200/Cu200Zn600、Pb400/Cu100/Zn800、Pb400/Cu200/Zn600、Pb600/Cu100/Zn600 mg/kg,結(jié)果表明所有監(jiān)測光譜指標隨添加濃度的變化而變化的規(guī)律不明顯,與葉片和土壤有效態(tài)重金屬含量之間均無顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization and social economy, soil and water pollution problem of heavy metals in China is becoming increasingly serious, and has serious harm to the sustainable development of human health and ecological environment. This paper takes Poyang Lake natural wetland dominant plants in grass and moss ashing of heavy metal pollutants in Pb as the research object, a field experiment in the field Nanjishan wetland monitoring, Carex cinerascens during the whole incubation period (including seedling stage, elongation stage and mature stage), Pb and Pb, Cu, Zn spectral parameters of composite concentration (including the location and depth of the blue valley, peak location and peak, Red Valley position and depth, the red edge position, the red edge peak. Red edge slope and red edge normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI705), near infrared reflectance (R750-1250) reflectivity average Ping) changes of Carex cinerascens spectrum of Pb and its composite high pollution response, the results showed that: 1, Pb single pollution The test concentration of 0500100015002000 mg/kg: (1) in a single Pb test concentration range, Carex cinerascens during the whole incubation period does not appear dead phenomenon, namely the Pb tolerance limit more than 2000 mg/kg; (2) with the increase of Pb concentration, Pb content in leaves and Carex ashing soil available Pb content gradually. Increased; and Carex cinerascens leaf SPAD values (relative content of representative chlorophyll) showed decreasing trend; (3) in the leaves of Carex cinerascens under Pb stress sensitive spectral bands and characteristic parameters: green peak near 550 nm, 495 nm of bluevale depth near the Red Valley, near the depth of 675 nm, red the edge of the peak and red edge slope near 725 nm, 750~1250 nm in the range of R750-1250; Carex cinerascens during the whole incubation period, blue valley depth, Red Valley depth, red edge peak, red edge slope, negative phase between NDVI705 and R750-1250 were associated with leaf Pb content The correlation of the green peak and leaf Pb content to maintain positive correlation; (4) Carex cinerascens during the whole incubation period, blue valley depth, Red Valley depth, red edge peak, red edge slope, the change regularity of NDVI705 and R750-1250 and the leaf SPAD value is relatively consistent with the passage of time, gradually reduced trend; (5) by ashing Carex leaf spectral parameters analysis during the whole culture period of the change process, found that Pb pollution monitoring period for the best ashing sedge Carex cinerascens elongation test range.2, PbCu compound pollution concentration was 0 Pb400/, Cu100, Pb400/Cu200, Pb600/Cu200, Pb800/Cu100, mg/kg: (1) with the addition of Pb and the increase of Cu concentration, ashing leaves and soil available Carex Pb, Cu content showed a rising trend; (2) the increase of Pb concentration has little effect on leaf and soil available Cu content, stress the Cu occupy PbCu compound pollution The dominant position; (3) during the whole incubation period, leaves and soil heavy metal content, the chlorophyll content and the spectral parameters with the addition of Pb, the change of Cu concentration and the variation is not obvious, the regularity is not strong.3, the test range combined pollution concentration of 0 PbZn, Pb400/ Zn400, Pb600/Zn600 mg/kg: (1) Carex cinerascens leaves and soil available heavy metal content with Pb, Zn increased concentration increased, leaf SPAD value decreased gradually; (2) spectral data at the elongation stage than other stages sensitive, so as the best monitoring growth period of Carex cinerascens in PbZn composite stress, the red edge peak and red edge slope is other spectral characteristics is more sensitive, can be used to monitor the parameters of spectrum characteristics of.4 PbCu Zn compound pollution test concentration was 0, Pb200/Cu100/Zn200, Pb200/Cu200/Zn200, Pb200/Cu200Zn600, Pb400/Cu100/Zn800, Pb400/Cu200/Zn600, Pb600/Cu100/Zn600, Mg /kg, the results showed that all monitoring Spectral indicators did not change significantly with the change of the concentration, but had no significant correlation with the available heavy metals in leaves and soil.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X503.23

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