本文選題：漢豐湖　切入點(diǎn)：時(shí)空變化　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)城鎮(zhèn)化的快速發(fā)展,大量富含營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽的物質(zhì)、工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的廢水及生活污水排入湖中;同時(shí)由降雨形成的水力侵蝕將地表污染物質(zhì)沖刷進(jìn)入湖泊水體;加之湖泊水體流動(dòng)緩慢,污染物容納、自我凈化能力相對(duì)較低,各類雜質(zhì)的富集,導(dǎo)致水體惡化,威脅著湖泊和整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的安全運(yùn)行。近年來,三峽庫區(qū)水質(zhì)健康與水質(zhì)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化長(zhǎng)期以來都成為社會(huì)關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)對(duì)象。然而,小江(澎溪河)作為長(zhǎng)江流域的一級(jí)支流,由于人類活動(dòng)、工農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展、水土流失等帶來的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)排入河道,給小江流域水質(zhì)帶來了較大的負(fù)荷,多處河段處于中營(yíng)養(yǎng)和富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化狀態(tài),其次級(jí)河流的水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化不斷威脅著三峽庫區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境。而漢豐湖作為小江的重要來水源頭,開始于2013年進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)性運(yùn)行,并該年5月出現(xiàn)浮萍漂浮現(xiàn)象,使得該湖泊水質(zhì)惡化程度加重,因此,研究并治理該湖泊已顯得刻不容緩,開展對(duì)漢豐湖水污染研究對(duì)維護(hù)三峽消落區(qū)的水質(zhì)安全、維持漢豐湖生態(tài)平衡與建立漢豐湖水質(zhì)變化長(zhǎng)久觀察機(jī)制具有重要意義。本文結(jié)合多種多元數(shù)列統(tǒng)計(jì)方法與水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)的方法,對(duì)漢豐湖成庫后2013年4月～2014年3月的水質(zhì)時(shí)空變化與降雨造成水土流失的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了連續(xù)觀察,測(cè)定了水質(zhì)物理參數(shù)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽與葉綠素(Chl-a)的質(zhì)量濃度。在分析水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)外,通過查找水污染資料與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際調(diào)查,聯(lián)系該流域水污染與水土流失特點(diǎn),得出了以下結(jié)果:(1)漢豐湖TN、TP質(zhì)量濃度均超過藻類生長(zhǎng)限值,易造成水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化,應(yīng)引起重視;南河Chl-a、TN、TP質(zhì)量濃度高于東河;Chl-a單因子評(píng)價(jià)反映出漢豐湖水質(zhì)一年中大部分時(shí)間處于中營(yíng)養(yǎng)與貧營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài),在冬季水質(zhì)發(fā)展為富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化;TN/TP結(jié)果表明,TN、TP分別在不同時(shí)間內(nèi)制約著藻類的生長(zhǎng);在2013年4月～12月與2014年2月,全湖TN/TP值低于16,藻類生長(zhǎng)受TN限制;在2014年1月、3月,TN/TP值高于16,藻類生長(zhǎng)受TP限制。(2)在時(shí)間聚類分析上表明,可將采集水樣按時(shí)間劃分為三峽蓄水期和汛期,在蓄水期中水質(zhì)受三峽庫區(qū)蓄水影響,而在汛期中暴雨引起水質(zhì)變化較大,說明水質(zhì)具有時(shí)間變化特征;從空間聚類的分析結(jié)果來看分為兩類,漢豐湖湖區(qū)水質(zhì)在一定程度上受人為擾動(dòng)程度、水文、支流水質(zhì)的影響,與漢豐湖水質(zhì)空間分布一致。(3)漢豐湖水質(zhì)相關(guān)分析表明,Chl-a與pH、DO、NO_3~--N、TP、TN、COD_(mn)、NH4+-N呈顯著正相關(guān);COD_(mn)、TN與TP顯現(xiàn)出極顯著相關(guān),說明該水質(zhì)受到了同一污染源的影響。SD與TSS成極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),表明SD主要受到TSS的影響;通過逐步回歸分析,建立了 Chl-a與水質(zhì)中各相關(guān)因子的主導(dǎo)方程。(4)因子分析結(jié)果,說明漢豐湖呈現(xiàn)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)象主要受Chl-a、TP、TN、NO_3~--N、DO、pH的影響,但受有機(jī)還原性污染物和TSS的干擾不可輕視。根據(jù)營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)時(shí)間因子分析結(jié)果:①漢豐湖冬、春季均適合藻類的生長(zhǎng),易影起水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化,夏、秋季營(yíng)養(yǎng)化程度相對(duì)較弱,冬、春季受人為的干擾較嚴(yán)重;②基于時(shí)間聚類營(yíng)養(yǎng)程度結(jié)果說明三峽蓄水引起水體營(yíng)養(yǎng)化程度較高,要加強(qiáng)三峽蓄水期間富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化防治工作,同時(shí)水土流失的影響不可輕視。③根據(jù)營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)空間因子分析結(jié)果表明:鎮(zhèn)東大丘污染程度最嚴(yán)重,水質(zhì)在流向調(diào)節(jié)壩的途中,水質(zhì)在進(jìn)行自凈;從湖區(qū)空間受污染程度表現(xiàn)為:南河湖心東河,東河水質(zhì)較好,南河應(yīng)作為主要防治對(duì)象。(5)對(duì)漢豐湖水質(zhì)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),該湖一年中水質(zhì)達(dá)到國(guó)家地表水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的時(shí)間約占42%,漢豐湖水體受TN、TP污染較嚴(yán)重;一年中漢豐湖水體在中營(yíng)養(yǎng)～中度富營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)之間變化,其中冬、春節(jié)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化較嚴(yán)重;受三峽蓄水的影響漢豐湖水體處于輕度～中度富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化。(6)通過降雨與水質(zhì)變化的相關(guān)分析,結(jié)果表明:半月降雨總量、半月可蝕性降雨量、半月降雨侵蝕力與水體中TN、TP質(zhì)量濃度變化成顯著正相關(guān),表明該流域地表在降雨的作用下造成的水土流失與漢豐湖水體中氮磷營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽質(zhì)量濃度的增加存在顯著的關(guān)系,在汛期中水土流失可造成漢豐湖水體營(yíng)養(yǎng)程度發(fā)生變化;TN與TP成顯著性正相關(guān),說明氮磷營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽的來源相同;汛期中漢豐湖水質(zhì)受到水土流失與人為活動(dòng)的雙重干擾。在非汛期(三峽蓄水期間)受水土流失影響較弱。(7)通過對(duì)漢豐湖流域的自然概況、工業(yè)污染、農(nóng)業(yè)污染、生活污染、內(nèi)源污染的調(diào)查分析,從控制污染物排放量、加強(qiáng)城鎮(zhèn)生產(chǎn)生活污水的排放、加強(qiáng)行政監(jiān)督與管理、提高居民環(huán)保意識(shí)以及推進(jìn)水土保持工作建設(shè)等方面提出了漢豐湖水質(zhì)污染的綜合治理措施。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social urbanization in China, a large number of rich nutrient substances, industrial and agricultural production wastewater and domestic sewage discharged into the lake; water by rainfall erosion will also form surface pollutants washed into the lake; and the lake water flow is slow, the self purification capacity of pollutants contained relatively low enrichment of all kinds of impurities the result of water deterioration, threatening the safe operation of the entire lake and ecosystem function. In recent years, the Three Gorges reservoir water quality health and water eutrophication have long become the focus of social concern. However, the Xiaojiang (Pengxi River) is a tributary of the Yangtze River Basin, as a result of human activities, the development of industry and agriculture. Soil and water loss caused by nutrients discharged into the river, brought great load to the Xiaojiang River Basin water quality, many river are in mesotrophic and eutrophic state secondary rivers The eutrophication constantly threatens the ecological environment of the Three Gorges reservoir. And Hanfeng Lake as an important water source to Xiaojiang, trial operation in 2013 this year, and in May the phenomenon of floating duckweed, water quality deterioration degree increasing, therefore, it becomes urgent to research and treatment should carry out research on Han Feng Lake. The pollution of the water quality safety of fire district maintenance of Three Gorges, plays an important role in maintaining the ecological balance and the establishment of Han Feng Lake Hanfeng lake water quality change long observation mechanism. This method combined with multivariate statistical methods and evaluation of the water quality series, on April 2013 to Hanfeng lake reservoir water and rainfall in March 2014 due to the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil and water loss to make continuous observation, water physical parameters determination of nutrient and chlorophyll (Chl-a) concentration. In the analysis of water quality monitoring data, through Find the water pollution data and field investigation, with water pollution and soil erosion characteristics in this basin, the following results are obtained: (1) onfull Lake TN, TP concentration exceeded the limit value of algae growth, causing eutrophication, attention should be paid to the river Chl-a, TN, TP; mass concentration is higher than that of the East River; the single factor evaluation of Chl-a reflects the Han Feng Lake water quality for most of the year in nutrition and poor nutritional status, water quality in winter for the development of eutrophication; TN/TP results showed that TN and TP respectively in different time restricts the growth of algae; in April 2013 ~ December and February 2014, the lake below TN/TP 16, algae the growth was restricted by TN; in January 2014, March, the TN/TP value is higher than 16, the growth of algae was restricted by TP. (2) showed that the time of cluster analysis, the water samples were collected according to the time is divided into three Gorges Reservoir and flood season, water quality in the storage period in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Influence of Rainstorm in flood season, and the water quality variation caused by large, indicating that water quality varies with time characteristics; from the results of the analysis of spatial clustering is divided into two categories, Han Feng Lake water quality by human disturbance, to a certain extent affect the tributary water quality, hydrology, water quality is consistent with the spatial distribution. Hanfeng Lake (3) water camphone Lake correlation analysis showed that Chl-a and pH, DO, NO_3~--N, TP, TN, COD_ (MN), NH4+-N had a significant positive correlation; COD_ (MN), TN and TP showed significant correlation, indicating that the water quality is influenced by the same sources of.SD and TSS showed significant negative correlation, SD mainly influenced by TSS; by stepwise regression analysis, established the dominant equation of each related factor Chl-a and the water. (4) the factor analysis results, indicating Hanfeng lake eutrophication phenomenon is mainly affected by Chl-a, TP, TN, NO_3~--N, DO, pH, but by reducing organic pollutants and TSS Interference should not be underestimated. According to the results of factor analysis: the nutritional status of time Hanfeng Lake winter and spring were suitable for the growth of algae, easily caused eutrophication, eutrophication of summer, autumn winter, spring is relatively weak, affected by human interference is serious; the clustering results show that nutrition level caused by eutrophication in Three Gorges Reservoir Based on the high level, to strengthen the prevention of eutrophication in Three Gorges Reservoir during work, effects of soil and water loss. Also should not be underestimated according to the nutritional status of spatial factor analysis results show that the most serious Town Hill pollution, water quality in the flow way regulating dam, water quality in self purification; the degree of pollution from Lake space as follows: South Lake the East River, the river water quality is good, Nanhe should be used as the main control objects. (5) to evaluate the water quality of the lake water quality of Han Feng Lake, in a year to reach the national surface water standard time accounted for 42 %, Hanfeng Lake TN, TP pollution is more serious; in a year in lake nutrient ~ onfull moderate eutrophication varied between the winter spring festival, eutrophication is serious; affected by the Han Feng Lake in the Three Gorges Reservoir mild to moderate eutrophication. (6) through the correlation analysis, drop the results show that the variation of the rainfall and water quality: half of the total rainfall, half erodibility rainfall, rainfall erosivity and half water TN, variation of TP mass concentration was positively correlated, that there is a significant relationship to increase the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus on soil erosion and water quality of the Han Feng Lake basin surface caused by rainfall under the action of in the flood season, soil erosion can cause water eutrophication degree Hanfeng lake changes; TN and TP is positively correlated, explain the sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in the same season; Han Feng Lake Water by soil erosion and human activities of the two Heavy interference. In the non flood season (Three Gorges period) by affecting soil erosion is weak. (7) the natural situation of Han Feng Lake Basin, industrial pollution, agricultural pollution, life pollution, investigation and analysis of the endogenous pollution, from the control of pollutant emissions, strengthen urban sewage production emissions, strengthen administrative supervision and management and put forward the comprehensive control measures of water pollution Hanfeng Lake aspects to improve residents' awareness of environmental protection and promote the work of construction of soil and water conservation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X524

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