本文選題：貢湖灣　切入點：風(fēng)險評價　出處：《江南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：太湖貢湖灣是太湖東北方向上的一個湖泊,其位置在無錫和蘇州之間,是兩市重要的水源地。因此為了能更好的反應(yīng)貢湖灣中的風(fēng)險問題,本研究通過調(diào)研貢湖灣水源地及周邊概況,在2013.3-2014.2對貢湖灣水源地以及周邊河流進行了采樣,檢測了其物理指標、營養(yǎng)鹽指標、藻毒素、重金屬、抗生素,把它們與相應(yīng)的標準進行對比(沒有標準的建立新的標準),分析評價了其風(fēng)險問題。以期為監(jiān)測和管理太湖(貢湖灣)流域提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。(1)把貢湖灣分成北區(qū)和南區(qū)。兩個區(qū)域的氮素和磷素含量都超過重營養(yǎng)標準(《地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準》(GB3838-2002)中規(guī)定的Ⅴ類水標準)。建立“水華風(fēng)險指數(shù)法”并通過“面積評價法”評價貢湖灣中的水華風(fēng)險,全年整體風(fēng)險先升高后降低,在8、9月份風(fēng)險程度最高。整個湖灣全年呈現(xiàn)出西高東低,北高南低的態(tài)勢;在夏季8、9月份超高風(fēng)險和高風(fēng)險分別占21.2%、52.7%和18.2%、1.5%,說明貢湖灣水源地中水華已經(jīng)構(gòu)成風(fēng)險問題。(2)通過檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),MCs在3-6月較低,7月開始急劇上升,9月達到最高值(0.22μg?L-1),通過與新建立的MC風(fēng)險級別對比,表明貢湖灣中全年抗生素含量處于低風(fēng)險狀態(tài)。根據(jù)美國EPA關(guān)于水環(huán)境健康評估模型計算得出全年中HI值都小于1,說明對人體健康危害程度較小。(3)把測定的沉積物重金屬數(shù)據(jù)含量平均值和《土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準》(GB15618-1995)以及土壤環(huán)境背景值做對比,Pb、Cd平均值遠高于土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量一級標準,對比土壤環(huán)境背景值,表明重金屬Pb、Cd近年來的增長趨勢明顯,貢湖灣流域重金屬Pb和Cd已經(jīng)構(gòu)成了風(fēng)險問題;重金屬Cu、Zn和Ni含量是土壤背景值的1.5倍以上,存在潛在的風(fēng)險問題。潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)計算中,由單因子潛在危害系數(shù)??????得出,各點位表層沉積物主要生態(tài)風(fēng)險因子是元素Pb和Cd,最高值出現(xiàn)在N3點位,達到中等危害程度;通過潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)RI可知,N3和N4點位處于中等生態(tài)危害。對比不同金屬對潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)的貢獻值,各點位表層沉積物主要生態(tài)風(fēng)險因子仍是Cd。(4)貢湖灣16種抗生素檢測結(jié)果表明,除磺胺醋酰(SAAM)、磺胺間二甲基嘧啶(SDM)和磺胺間二甲基嘧啶(SDM)外,其余抗生素均有檢出。檢出水平為:土霉素(OTC)四環(huán)素(TC)金霉素(CTC)磺胺甲氧噠嗪(SMP)氧氟沙星(OFL)諾氟沙星(NOR)甲氧芐氨嘧啶(TMP)恩諾沙星(ENR)環(huán)丙沙星(CIP)羅紅霉素(ROX)磺胺甲基嘧啶(SMR)磺胺甲基異惡唑(SMX)磺胺奎惡啉(SQX)。依據(jù)歐盟的技術(shù)指導(dǎo)文件(TGD)中關(guān)于環(huán)境風(fēng)險評價的方法風(fēng)險熵值法來評價水體中抗生素風(fēng)險狀態(tài),其中達到高生態(tài)風(fēng)險抗生素共有5種,達到中等風(fēng)險抗生素有4種,其余3種抗生素為低風(fēng)險狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:The Gulf of Gong Lake in Taihu Lake is a lake in the northeast direction of Taihu Lake. It is located between Wuxi and Suzhou, and is an important source of water for the two cities. Therefore, in order to better respond to the risk problem in the Bay of Gong Lake, Based on the survey of the water source and its surrounding areas in the Gonghu Bay, the samples were taken from the source area and the surrounding rivers in the area from March to February 2012.The physical indexes, nutrient index, algal toxin, heavy metals, antibiotics were detected. Comparing them with the corresponding standards (no new standard is established, the risk problem is analyzed and evaluated, in order to provide scientific basis for monitoring and management of Taihu Lake (Gonghu Bay) basin), the Gonghu Bay is divided into North and South China. Southern region. The nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the two regions exceed the category V water standard specified in the heavy nutrition standard (Environmental quality Standard for Surface Water). The "Shui Hua risk Index method" is established and the risk of Shui Hua in the Gonghu Bay is evaluated by the area Evaluation method. The overall risk of the whole year increased first and then decreased, and the risk degree was the highest in August and September. The whole Huwan showed a trend of west high and east low, north high and south low. High risk and high risk accounted for 52.7% and 18.2% respectively in August and September in summer, indicating that Shui Hua has already posed a risk problem in the water source of Gonghu Bay.) by testing, it was found that MCs were low in March and June, and began to rise sharply on July, and reached the highest value of 0.22 渭 g in September? By comparing it with the newly established MC risk level, According to the EPA model of water environmental health assessment, the HI value in the whole year is less than 1, which indicates that the degree of harm to human health is small. The average content of heavy metals and the standard of soil environmental quality (GB15618-1995) and the background value of soil environment were compared, and the average value of Pb ~ (2 +) CD was much higher than that of the first grade standard of soil environmental quality. Comparing the soil environmental background value, it shows that the increasing trend of heavy metal Pb and CD is obvious in recent years, the heavy metals Pb and CD have become a risk problem in the Gonghu Bay basin, and the contents of Cu Zn and Ni are 1.5 times of the soil background value. There is a potential risk problem. In the calculation of potential ecological hazard index, the potential hazard coefficient of single factor? ? ? ? ? ? It is concluded that the main ecological risk factors of surface sediments at each site are elements Pb and CD, and the highest value appears at the N3 level, reaching the moderate hazard level. The potential ecological hazard index RI shows that N _ 3 and N _ 4 are in moderate ecological hazard, and the contribution of different metals to the potential ecological hazard index is compared. The main ecological risk factors of surface sediments at different sites were still Cd.t4). The results of 16 kinds of antibiotics in Gonghu Bay showed that, except for sulfadiazine, sulfadimethylpyrimidine (SDM) and sulfamethylpyrimidine (SDM), The other antibiotics were detected at the following levels: oxytetracycline tetracycline) chlortetracycline (CTC) sulfamethoxazide (OFLL) norfloxacin (TMPR) enrofloxacin (enrofloxacin) ciprofloxacin (CIP) roxithromycin) sulfamethylamine. Sulfamethoxazolium sulfamethoxazole (SMX) sulfamethoxaline squx.According to the European Union technical guidance document, the risk entropy method for environmental risk assessment was used to evaluate the risk status of antibiotics in water. Among them, there were 5 kinds of high ecological risk antibiotics, 4 middle risk antibiotics and 3 low risk antibiotics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52;X824

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 吳溶;崔莉鳳;盧珊;時寅;;溫度光照對銅綠微囊藻生長及藻毒素釋放的影響[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù);2010年S1期

2 潘曉潔;常鋒毅;沈銀武;劉永定;李敦海;李根保;肖邦定;;滇池水體中微囊藻毒素含量變化與環(huán)境因子的相關(guān)性研究[J];湖泊科學(xué);2006年06期

3 王路光;朱曉磊;王靖飛;田在鋒;;環(huán)境水體中的殘留抗生素及其潛在風(fēng)險[J];工業(yè)水處理;2009年05期

4 陸杰;雷廷波;;國家濕地公園東湖塘富營養(yǎng)化分析與評價[J];能源與環(huán)境;2015年02期

5 馬宏瑞;任靜華;季峻峰;吳昀昭;;長江南京段近岸沉積物和土壤中重金屬分布特征分析[J];環(huán)境監(jiān)測管理與技術(shù);2010年02期

6 晁建穎;顏潤潤;張毅敏;;不同溫度下銅綠微囊藻和斜生柵藻的最佳生長率及競爭作用[J];生態(tài)與農(nóng)村環(huán)境學(xué)報;2011年02期

7 王敏;唐景春;;土壤中的抗生素污染及其生態(tài)毒性研究進展[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報;2010年S1期

8 潘尋;韓哲;李浩;;抗生素在畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)中的應(yīng)用、潛在危害及去除[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境與發(fā)展;2012年05期

9 嚴佳琦;黃旭雄;陶妍;溫文;劉林林;曾蓓蓓;;五種淡水微藻的適宜培養(yǎng)溫度和光照強度[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2012年05期

10 周云龍,于明;水華的發(fā)生、危害和防治[J];生物學(xué)通報;2004年06期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 金濤;江蘇某地長江、太湖水源飲用水中有機物的致突變性、雌激素活性及其健康風(fēng)險評價[D];華中科技大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號：1602710