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  本文選題：浙北地區(qū)　切入點：淡水養(yǎng)殖　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：中國的水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛,為國人提供了大量優(yōu)質(zhì)動物蛋白。但由于高密度養(yǎng)殖、投飼過剩加之廢水排放缺乏有力約束,水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖引起的富營養(yǎng)污染問題日漸嚴重;另一方面,外界污染對水產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全已經(jīng)構(gòu)成嚴重威脅。浙北地區(qū)是我國淡水養(yǎng)殖的傳統(tǒng)地區(qū)和最為發(fā)達的地區(qū)之一,為了摸清該地區(qū)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖的富營養(yǎng)污染和重金屬污染現(xiàn)狀,為今后科研工作提供基礎(chǔ)性數(shù)據(jù),開展了本次污染調(diào)查。研究選取了浙北地區(qū)的湖州、嘉興兩地,歷時兩年時間,采取隨機抽樣的方法進行調(diào)查。其中,富營養(yǎng)污染共調(diào)查了 35家養(yǎng)殖場的水源水和池塘水情況。運用了離子色譜儀、可見分光光度計、總有機碳分析儀等儀器分析了包括氨氮、硝酸鹽氮、亞硝酸鹽氮、高錳酸鹽指數(shù)、化學需氧量、總有機碳在內(nèi)的六個個富營養(yǎng)污染參數(shù)。分析結(jié)果顯示:未經(jīng)過處理的養(yǎng)殖水質(zhì)指標除亞硝酸鹽氮外,超標率顯著高于外界進水,高錳酸鹽指數(shù)、化學需氧量的Ⅲ類水標準超標率已經(jīng)超過500%。當前大部分養(yǎng)殖用水是以直排的形式重新進入外界水環(huán)境中,因此目前的水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖方式可能會對外界水環(huán)境產(chǎn)生富營養(yǎng)的污染影響。重金屬污染調(diào)查采集了包括河流沉積物在內(nèi)的181份底泥樣品。使用原子吸收分光光度計和原子熒光分光光度計測定經(jīng)過微波消解的底泥樣品中的銅、鋅、鉻、鉛、鎘、汞、砷七種物質(zhì)的含量。采用綜合污染指數(shù)法、潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法兩種方法進行評價,結(jié)果顯示:大部分采樣點重金屬含量處于輕度污染水平,部分區(qū)域的個別元素已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)中度甚至重度污染水平,其中以河流沉積物中的鎘污染水平為最高。綜合污染指數(shù)法由于兼顧到污染指數(shù)最大值對土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量影響,安全范圍比潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法的評價結(jié)果更小。
[Abstract]:China's aquaculture industry is developing rapidly, which provides a large number of high quality animal protein for Chinese people. However, due to high density aquaculture, overfeeding and lack of effective constraints on wastewater discharge, the eutrophic pollution caused by aquaculture is becoming more and more serious. On the other hand, external pollution has posed a serious threat to the quality and safety of aquatic products. Northern Zhejiang is one of the traditional and most developed areas in China for freshwater culture. In order to find out the status of eutrophication and heavy metal pollution in aquaculture in this area, and to provide basic data for future scientific research, the pollution investigation was carried out. The study selected Huzhou and Jiaxing in northern Zhejiang for two years. A random sampling method was used to investigate the source water and pond water of 35 farms with eutrophic pollution. Ion chromatograph and visible spectrophotometer were used. The total organic carbon analyzer and other instruments have analyzed ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, permanganate index, chemical oxygen demand, etc. Six eutrophic pollution parameters including total organic carbon. The results show that the untreated aquaculture water quality indexes, except nitrite nitrogen, exceed the standard rate significantly higher than the external influent, and the permanganate index. The standard rate of Category III water exceeded 500. At present, most of the water used in aquaculture is re-entered into the external water environment in the form of direct discharge. As a result, the current aquaculture practices may have eutrophic effects on the external water environment. The heavy metal pollution survey collected 181 sediment samples, including river sediments, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Determination of copper in microwave digested sediment samples by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer, The contents of zinc, chromium, lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic were evaluated by comprehensive pollution index method and potential ecological hazard index method. Some elements in some regions have been exposed to moderate or even severe pollution levels, among which cadmium pollution level in river sediments is the highest. The comprehensive pollution index method takes into account the effect of maximum pollution index on soil environmental quality. The safety range is smaller than that of the potential ecological hazard index method.
【學位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X714

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