發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-10 09:03

  本文選題：不透水表面　切入點(diǎn)：滇池流域　出處：《云南師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自1979年改革開放以來,中國(guó)城市快速發(fā)展,城市化進(jìn)程不斷加快,使得中國(guó)成為了全球地表覆被變化最為迅速的地區(qū)之一。隨著快速城市化的推進(jìn),城市中建筑用地不斷增多,不透水表面快速擴(kuò)展,城市中具有較高價(jià)值的草地、濕地、水源地等日益減少,隨之帶來了城市內(nèi)水土資源的需求與供給之間產(chǎn)生了矛盾。不透水表面不斷增加,阻隔了城市地表的水進(jìn)入到城市土壤的下墊面,甚至割斷了城市地表與地下水文的之間聯(lián)系,改變了區(qū)域水循環(huán)過程。不透水表面覆蓋率的增加,增大了地表徑流的流量和流速,使得滯后時(shí)間明顯縮短,導(dǎo)致暴雨到達(dá)峰值的時(shí)間加快。同時(shí)在徑流沖刷地表過程中大量的污染物無(wú)法沉降、吸收,通過徑流過程進(jìn)入受納水體(如江河、湖泊、海峽等),導(dǎo)致了水體的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化和其他形式的污染。不透水表面的增加還會(huì)使得區(qū)域內(nèi)氣溫升高,氣候類型發(fā)生變化,間接影響了流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生物多樣性,增加了河流水體沉積物的數(shù)量以及流域自然景觀的破碎度。一些工程性的措施,如河流轉(zhuǎn)移、開渠、筑壩、疏通管道等,這些做法可能在短期內(nèi)能解決隨著不透水表面增加而帶來的一系列水環(huán)境問題,但是隨著時(shí)間的推移,它們只會(huì)更進(jìn)一步的破壞河床和河岸棲息地(濕地),同時(shí),隨著集約土地利用的出現(xiàn),產(chǎn)生了越來越多的污染物,而地表徑流的增加使得更多的污染物進(jìn)入受納水體,產(chǎn)生非點(diǎn)源污染,最終導(dǎo)致水體水質(zhì)下降。在過去的20多年中,隨著昆明市的不斷發(fā)展和建設(shè),城市中不透水表面逐漸增加,由于地表徑流的沖刷,大量的污染物隨之匯入滇池,導(dǎo)致滇池水質(zhì)不斷惡化。本文以滇池流域?yàn)檠芯繀^(qū),通過流域的數(shù)字高程模型(DEM)數(shù)據(jù),分根據(jù)流域內(nèi)河流的自然產(chǎn)、匯流特征,將整個(gè)滇池流域劃為17個(gè)子流域,分析其不透水表面與河流水質(zhì)之間的響應(yīng)關(guān)系,找出兩者之間的閾值,為滇池的治理和基于水質(zhì)保護(hù)的城市規(guī)劃提供理論支持。
[Abstract]:Since 1979, with the rapid development of Chinese cities and the acceleration of urbanization, China has become one of the most rapidly changing land cover areas in the world. With the rapid expansion of impervious surfaces and the decreasing number of high-value grasslands, wetlands and water sources in cities, the contradiction between the demand and supply of water and soil resources in the city has been brought about. Blocking the water from the urban surface from entering the underlying surface of the urban soil, cutting off the connection between the urban surface and the groundwater, changing the regional water cycle process, increasing the coverage of impermeable surface, It increases the flow rate and velocity of surface runoff, shortens the lag time obviously, and accelerates the time of rainstorm reaching its peak. At the same time, a large number of pollutants can not be deposited and absorbed in the process of runoff scouring the surface. Through the runoff process into the receiving water (such as rivers, lakes, straits, etc.), resulting in eutrophication of water and other forms of pollution. Indirectly affected the biodiversity of watershed ecosystem, increased the amount of river sediment and the fragmentation of natural landscape in river basin. Some engineering measures, such as river transfer, canal opening, dam building, dredging pipeline, etc. These practices may solve a range of water environmental problems in the short term as the impermeable surface increases, but over time they will only further damage riverbed and riparian habitats (wetlands), at the same time, With the emergence of intensive land use, more and more pollutants are produced, and the increase of surface runoff causes more pollutants to enter the receiving water body, resulting in non-point source pollution, which ultimately leads to the decline of water quality in the past 20 years or so. With the continuous development and construction of Kunming City, the impermeable surface of the city increases gradually. Due to the erosion of surface runoff, a large number of pollutants flow into Dianchi Lake, which leads to the continuous deterioration of the water quality of Dianchi Lake. In this paper, Dianchi Lake Basin is taken as the study area. Based on the digital elevation model (DEM) data, the whole Dianchi basin is divided into 17 subbasins according to the natural production and confluence characteristics of the rivers in the basin, and the response relationship between the impermeable surface and the river water quality is analyzed. To find out the threshold between the two to provide theoretical support for the governance of Dianchi Lake and urban planning based on water quality protection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52;X143

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