本文選題：石漠化　切入點：植被覆蓋度　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：西南巖溶地區(qū)的土地石漠化現(xiàn)象是喀斯特生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化到極端的表現(xiàn)形式,嚴重制約著當?shù)貐^(qū)域社會經(jīng)濟的健康發(fā)展,石漠化問題越來越成為中國巖溶地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)的重點和難點,并成為了眾多專家學者的研究熱點。木文以巖溶地區(qū)復(fù)雜、分布面積大、類型齊全、石漠化災(zāi)害嚴重的廣西壯族自治區(qū)為研究對象,通過數(shù)學模型和GIS的空間運算,對研究區(qū)2004年到2014年間石漠化演變特征進行了分析。研究成果如下:(1)提出石漠化遙感分類的綜合指標,并建立了分類指標體系在前人石漠化指標研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合石漠化分級指標選取原則和本文的研究目的,確定了適用于大尺度石漠化遙感監(jiān)測的分類指標體系,據(jù)此把廣西喀斯特地區(qū)的石漠化類型劃分為:重度石漠化、中度石漠化、輕度石漠化、無石漠化。(2)提出了廣西地區(qū)基于MODIS數(shù)據(jù)的植被覆蓋度(FVC)計算模型。選取植被指數(shù)EVI作為基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),運用像元二分模型法,構(gòu)建了適用于廣西地區(qū)的植被覆蓋度(FVC)計算模型。(3)構(gòu)建了石漠化遙感時空動態(tài)模型算法,對研究區(qū)2004-2014年石漠化時空演變過程和特征進行了分析。通過石漠化演變方式、轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣、演變速率、演變趨勢等指標的計算,表明廣西石漠化面積達到了全區(qū)總面積的16%,占巖溶面積的50%以上;石漠化在空間上呈現(xiàn)沿東北—西南軸集中分布,西北重、東南輕的宏觀格局;2004年-2014年,十年間,石漠化演變涉及面積廣,達到50%以上,但植被覆蓋度整體呈現(xiàn)增高趨勢,石漠化改善面積遠大于惡化面積,石漠化得到有效遏制。(4)在FRAGSTATS3.4平臺下,選取類型水平和景觀水平的景觀指數(shù),運用景觀空間分析方法對廣西喀斯特石漠化空間格局演化特征進行了分析。2004年到2014石漠化的斑塊總數(shù)和面積總數(shù)在減少,發(fā)生程度嚴重的中、重度石漠化類型數(shù)量在減少。2004到2014的景觀破碎度下降,說明一些對小的石漠化斑塊的治理工作取得了良好的效果。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of rocky desertification in karst areas of southwest China is a manifestation of karst ecosystem degradation to extreme, which seriously restricts the healthy development of local social economy. The problem of rocky desertification has become more and more important and difficult in the construction of ecological environment in karst areas in China, and has become the research hotspot of many experts and scholars. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, which has serious rocky desertification disaster, is studied by mathematical model and spatial operation of GIS. The evolution characteristics of rocky desertification in the study area from 2004 to 2014 are analyzed. The research results are as follows: 1) the comprehensive index of remote sensing classification of rocky desertification is proposed, and the classification index system is established on the basis of previous studies on the index of rocky desertification. Combined with the principle of classification index selection of rocky desertification and the research purpose of this paper, a classification index system suitable for large-scale remote sensing monitoring of rocky desertification is established, according to which the types of rocky desertification in Karst region of Guangxi are classified as severe rocky desertification. Middle rocky desertification, mild rocky desertification and no rocky desertification. (2) A model for calculating vegetation coverage based on MODIS data in Guangxi is proposed. The vegetation index (EVI) is selected as the basic data and the pixel dichotomy model method is used. In this paper, a model of vegetation coverage (FVC3), which is suitable for Guangxi region, is established. The algorithm of remote sensing temporal and spatial dynamic model of rocky desertification is constructed. The process and characteristics of space-time evolution of rocky desertification in the study area from 2004 to 2014 are analyzed. The calculation of transfer matrix, evolution rate and evolution trend shows that the rocky desertification area in Guangxi has reached 16 percent of the total area of the whole area, accounting for more than 50% of the karst area. From 2004 to 2014, the evolution of rocky desertification was extensive, reaching more than 50%, but the vegetation coverage showed an increasing trend, and the improvement area of rocky desertification was much larger than that of deterioration. Rocky desertification was effectively curbed. (4) under the FRAGSTATS3.4 platform, the landscape index of type level and landscape level was selected, The spatial pattern evolution characteristics of karst rocky desertification in Guangxi were analyzed by using landscape spatial analysis method. From 2004 to 2014, the total number of patches and the total area of rocky desertification decreased, and the degree of occurrence was serious. The number of severe rocky desertification decreased from 2004 to 2014, indicating that some small rocky desertification patches had achieved good results.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X171

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本文編號：1591836