本文選題：大連新港　切入點(diǎn)：海洋沉積物　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文采集了大連新港“7.16”特大溢油事故海域的沉積物,利用快速溶劑萃取法、氣相色譜和氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用技術(shù)分析了海洋沉積物樣品中正構(gòu)烷烴和多環(huán)芳烴的殘留情況和組成特征,并根據(jù)其特征指數(shù)初步分析了其來源,評(píng)估了PAHs的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。主要結(jié)論如下：(1)本文測(cè)得正構(gòu)烷烴和類異戊二烯的平均回收率為60.07～118.99%,RSD值為1.58‖14.27%,方法檢出限為13.75～45.33 ng·g-1；多環(huán)芳烴的平均回收率為78.39～117.46%,RSD值為4.13～12.80%,方法檢出限為5.76～19.00 ng·g-1。(2)大連灣沉積物中正構(gòu)烷烴總含量在1.72～5.59 μg·g-1之間,其中3號(hào)和5號(hào)站位點(diǎn)含量較高,可能與該區(qū)域海水交換能力差,人類活動(dòng)頻繁有關(guān)。Pr/Ph、C17/Pr和Cl8/Ph比值指示研究區(qū)域可能已受到不同程度的石油污染,且石油烴產(chǎn)生了一定的降解和風(fēng)化。與其他地區(qū)相比,研究區(qū)域整體處于中等污染水平。(3)大連灣沉積物中多環(huán)芳烴總含量在1.16～2.63 μg·g-1之間,其中5號(hào)站位點(diǎn)的總含量最高,其次為3號(hào)站位點(diǎn)；各站位點(diǎn)的PAHs含量組成均以4環(huán)為主,5環(huán)次之,低分子量的PAHs含量占總含量的20%,指示源于石油類的污染；特征化合物指數(shù)顯示研究海域沉積物中的PAHs主要來自燃燒源,以石油的燃燒為主,但也不排除局部有石油源輸入的可能；該結(jié)果與正構(gòu)烷烴的分析結(jié)果一致。與其他地區(qū)相比,研究區(qū)域整體處于中等污染水平。(4)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估結(jié)果表明研究區(qū)域各站位PAHs組分濃度均遠(yuǎn)低于效應(yīng)區(qū)間中值(ERM),整體處于低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平,但多個(gè)站位的苊烯、芴、二苯并(a,h)蒽含量超過了效應(yīng)區(qū)間低值(ERL),研究區(qū)域內(nèi)存在一定的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),可能會(huì)對(duì)底棲生物造成危害。
[Abstract]:The sediment collected from the area of "7.16" oil spill accident in Xingang, Dalian was collected. The residue and composition characteristics of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediment samples were analyzed by rapid solvent extraction, gas chromatography and GC-MS. And according to its characteristic index, the origin of it is analyzed preliminarily. The potential ecological risk of PAHs was evaluated. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the average recovery of n-alkanes and isoprene determined in this paper is 60.07 ~ 118.99m = 1.58 ~ 14.27, the detection limit is 13.75 ~ 45.33 ng 路g ~ (-1), the average recovery of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is 78.39 ~ 117.46 ~ (-1) and the RSD value of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is 4.13 ~ 12.80%. The detection limit of the method is 5.76 ~ 19.00 ng 路g ~ (-1) 路g ~ (-2)) the total content of n-alkanes in sediments of Dalian Bay is between 1.72 渭 g 路g ~ (-1) and 5.59 渭 g 路g ~ (-1). The contents of stations 3 and 5 are relatively high, which may be related to the poor sea water exchange capacity in the region. The frequent human activities indicate that the studied area may have been contaminated with different degrees of oil, as indicated by the ratio of Pr-P / Pr and Cl8/Ph. Compared with other regions, the total content of PAHs in the sediments of Dalian Bay is between 1.16 and 2.63 渭 g 路g ~ (-1), and the total content of PAHs at No. 5 station is the highest, compared with other regions, the total content of PAHs in the sediments of Dalian Bay is between 1.16 渭 g 路g ~ (-1) and 2.63 渭 g 路g ~ (-1). The PAHs content of each site was mainly composed of 4 rings and 5 rings, and the low molecular weight PAHs content accounted for 20% of the total content, indicating that it was caused by oil pollution. The characteristic compound index shows that the PAHs in the sediment of the studied sea area mainly comes from the combustion source, mainly from the combustion of petroleum, but also does not exclude the possibility of local oil source input. This result is consistent with the results of the analysis of n-alkanes. The results of risk assessment showed that the concentrations of PAHs components in all stations in the study area were far lower than those in the median effect range (ERMN), and the concentrations of acenaphthene and fluorene in multiple stations were at a low risk level. The anthracene content exceeded the low value of the effect range, and there were some potential ecological risks in the study area, which may cause harm to benthos.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X55

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