本文選題：魚　切入點：多環(huán)芳烴　出處：《貴州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：有機氯農(nóng)藥(OCPs)和多環(huán)芳烴(PAHs)是全球公認的持久性有機污染物(POPs),具有高毒性、生物富集性、持久性、遠距離遷移性等特點。由于OCPs和PAHs具有很強的親脂性,容易富集在生物體內(nèi),在食物鏈模式下容易逐級放大。在食物鏈中,魚類的營養(yǎng)級較高,導(dǎo)致魚體內(nèi)污染物濃度較高。在全球范圍,己有不少研究報道了魚體內(nèi)富集有高濃度的污染物,其中包含PAHs和OCPs等,這些污染物通過飲食攝入對人體健康帶來較大的潛在威脅。廣東省是我國第二大水產(chǎn)省份,但對于該區(qū)域魚體中OCPs與PAHs的生物富集和暴露水平鮮見報道。本文于2013年8-10月份采集了廣東沿海7個城市(湛江、茂名、陽江、廣州、珠海、汕頭和汕尾)六種典型食用魚類(包括4種淡水魚類、2種海水魚類),研究分析了210份樣品中OCPs和PAHs的含量水平,初步探討了六種典型食用魚體內(nèi)OCPs和PAHs的殘留情況和污染特征。結(jié)果表明:(1)所有魚中均檢測到了OCPs和PAHs的殘留,總的平均濃度范圍分別為159-653ng/g lw和1.76×102-90.3×102 ng/g lw,OCPs和PAHs的最高濃度是在草魚和加州鱸魚中,最低濃度均發(fā)現(xiàn)在帶魚中。DDTs和HCHs的平均濃度范圍分別為75.0-371 ng/g lw和15.0-92.7 ng/g lw。與世界其它地方魚類相比較而言處在中等污染水平。在OCPs中,DDTs和HCHs分別占∑OCPs的45.5%和13.0%,p,p’-DDE是DDTs最主要的化合物,占總DDTs的42.4%;HCHs最主要的異構(gòu)體是α-HCH,占∑HCHs的49.7%。(2)在16種PAHs中,菲是主要的同系物,平均占∑PAHs總量的19.0%,∑PAHs主要由三環(huán)和四環(huán)PAHs,如菲、芴和蒽等組成,合計占∑PAHs的74.9%。(3)通過對廣東沿海魚體中OCPs和PAHs的來源解析,廣東沿海魚體中的OCPs主要是由歷史殘留造成,PAHs的主要來源可能歸因于石油的不完全燃燒以及煤的燃燒。(4)根據(jù)廣東沿海魚體內(nèi)DDTs、HCHs和PAHs濃度數(shù)據(jù),依據(jù)有關(guān)國家及國際組織的攝入標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對POPs攝入對人體造成的健康風(fēng)險進行了評估。結(jié)果表明食用廣東沿海魚類時OCPs和PAHs的攝入并不會帶來明顯致癌性健康風(fēng)險和非致癌風(fēng)險。
[Abstract]:Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recognized as persistent organic pollutants such as high toxicity, bioconcentration, persistence, long distance migration and so on. Because of their strong lipophilic properties, OCPs and PAHs are easily enriched in organisms. It is easy to zoom in step by step in the food chain. In the food chain, fish have higher nutrient levels, resulting in higher concentrations of pollutants in fish. Worldwide, many studies have reported the enrichment of high concentrations of pollutants in fish. These include PAHs and OCPs, which pose a greater potential threat to human health through dietary intake. Guangdong Province is the second largest aquatic province in China. However, the bioconcentration and exposure of OCPs and PAHs in fish bodies in this area were rarely reported. In 2013, seven coastal cities (Zhanjiang, Maoming, Yangjiang, Guangzhou, Zhuhai) were collected in this paper. Six typical edible fishes (including 4 freshwater fishes and 2 marine fishes) from Shantou and Shanwei were studied and the contents of OCPs and PAHs in 210 samples were studied and analyzed. The residues and pollution characteristics of OCPs and PAHs in six typical edible fish were preliminarily studied. The results showed that OCPs and PAHs residues were detected in all fish. The total mean concentrations were 159-653ng / g BW and 1.76 脳 102-90.3 脳 102 ng/g lwcps and the highest concentrations of PAHs were found in grass carp and California perch, respectively. The lowest concentrations of. DDTs and HCHs were found to be in the range of 75.0-371 ng/g LW and 15.0-92.7 ng/g LW, respectively. Compared with the rest of the world, the average concentrations of. DDTs and HCHs in OCPs were 45.5% and 13.0% of 鈭，

本文編號：1564780