本文選題：船舶生活污水　切入點(diǎn)：污泥培養(yǎng)　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著船舶在運(yùn)輸業(yè)中占的比例越來越重和社會對環(huán)保意識的增強(qiáng),船舶生活污水對周圍水環(huán)境的污染問題逐漸受到人們的重視。國際海事組織也對船舶生活污水的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作出了更嚴(yán)格的要求,同時(shí)各國也均已頒布了保護(hù)本國水域和領(lǐng)海的關(guān)于船舶生活污水排放的相關(guān)法律,甚至在特殊海域禁止任何船舶污水的排放,這使得船舶生活污水的處理技術(shù)和處理效果面臨著更嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。我國船舶生活污水的處理技術(shù)相對落后。目前,船舶上現(xiàn)有的生活污水處理裝置絕大部分采用ST(活性污泥法)或WCB(接觸氧化法)系列,這種污水處理設(shè)備的出水只能滿足低排放指標(biāo)的要求,而且這種污水處理系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的可靠性較低,設(shè)備故障率高。另外,由于船舶所處的工作環(huán)境特點(diǎn)(船舶的搖擺、震動(dòng)幅度很大),使得生活污水處理裝置處理效果更差,根本無法滿足相關(guān)海域?qū)Υ吧钗鬯呐欧乓蟆Ｒ虼?根據(jù)船舶生活污水的組分特點(diǎn)和國內(nèi)外在船舶生活污水處理上的經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及船舶自身工作環(huán)境的特點(diǎn),本研究課題所采用的處理方法是利用新型的MBR法(膜生物)處理模擬船舶生活污水。由于船舶生活污水的水質(zhì)和城市生活污水水質(zhì)不同(鹽度),要對從城市污水處理廠取回的活性污泥進(jìn)行一定的培養(yǎng)和馴化,才可以投入到本研究課題的實(shí)驗(yàn)中。在污水處理廠的活性污泥進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)成功后,通過逐步增大鹽度梯度的方法來提高活性污泥的耐鹽性。在活性污泥馴化到可以適應(yīng)0.8%鹽度的環(huán)境后對模擬的船舶生活污水進(jìn)行處理研究,在研究過程中也對膜污染問題進(jìn)行了處理。通過本研究可以發(fā)現(xiàn),利用MBR法對模擬船舶生活污水進(jìn)行處理后,污水中的COD值有明顯下降,其COD值從472.3mg/L下降到79.8mg/L,COD去除率達(dá)到81.20%,繼續(xù)延長作用時(shí)間,COD值可降低到53.5mg/L,去除率可達(dá)88.6%,NH4-N的值從42.4 mg/L下降到18.3 mg/L,去除率55.8%。在處理食堂廢水模擬船舶生活污水時(shí),處理45小時(shí)后COD值可以由328.6mg/L下降到64.3mg/L,COD的去除率達(dá)到80.4%。用利用MBR法處理船舶生活污水時(shí),可以選擇適當(dāng)對污水的處理時(shí)間(本研究為75小時(shí)或82小時(shí)),時(shí)間過長,去除效果提升并不明顯。
[Abstract]:With the increasing proportion of ships in the transportation industry and the increasing awareness of environmental protection in the society, People pay more and more attention to the pollution of ship's domestic sewage to the surrounding water environment. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has also made more stringent requirements on the discharge standard of the ship's domestic sewage. At the same time, all countries have also promulgated relevant laws on the discharge of domestic sewage from ships to protect their waters and territorial seas, and even prohibit the discharge of sewage from any ships in special sea areas. This makes the treatment technology and treatment effect of domestic sewage of ships face more severe challenge. The treatment technology of domestic sewage of ships in China is relatively backward. At present, Most of the existing domestic sewage treatment plants on board ships are ST-series (activated sludge process) or WCB-series. The effluent of this sewage treatment plant can only meet the requirements of low discharge targets. Moreover, the reliability of this sewage treatment system is low and the equipment failure rate is high. In addition, because of the characteristics of the working environment in which the ship is located (the ship is swaying and the amplitude of vibration is very large, the treatment effect of the domestic sewage treatment unit is even worse. Therefore, according to the composition characteristics of domestic sewage, domestic sewage treatment experience at home and abroad and the characteristics of the ship's own working environment, The treatment method used in this research is to use a new MBR method (membrane biology) to treat the domestic sewage of ships. Because the water quality of the domestic sewage of ships is different from that of the municipal domestic sewage (salinity), it is necessary to treat the sewage from the city. The activated sludge recovered from the treatment plant was cultivated and domesticated to a certain extent. After the activated sludge of sewage treatment plant was successfully cultured, The salt tolerance of activated sludge was improved by increasing the salinity gradient step by step. After the activated sludge was acclimated to the environment of 0.8% salinity, the simulated domestic sewage from ships was treated. In the course of the study, the membrane fouling problem was also dealt with. Through this study, it was found that the COD value of the sewage decreased obviously after the treatment of the simulated ship domestic sewage by using the MBR method. The COD value decreased from 472.3 mg / L to 79.8 mg / L to 81.20, and the COD value of extended operation time decreased to 53.5 mg / L, the removal rate of NH4-N decreased from 42.4 mg/L to 18.3 mg / L, and the removal rate was 55.8%. After 45 hours of treatment, the COD value can be reduced from 328.6 mg / L to 64.3 mg / L, and the removal rate of COD can reach 80.4. When using MBR method to treat domestic sewage from ships, we can choose the proper treatment time of sewage (75 hours or 82 hours in this study, the time is too long. The removal effect is not obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X736.3

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本文編號：1564597