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  本文選題：好氧顆粒污泥　切入點：SBR反應器　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：好氧顆粒污泥技術(shù)是近年來新興的一種生物處理技術(shù),相比傳統(tǒng)的絮狀活性污泥,好氧顆粒污泥具有生物活性高、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)密實、沉降性能好、顆粒強度高等優(yōu)點,能夠保持反應器中較高的污泥濃度和生物量,從而能承受高濃度有機廢水和有毒物質(zhì)的沖擊,目前是污水生物處理領域的研究熱點。然而好氧顆粒污泥系統(tǒng)較長的啟動周期是其實踐應用的一大障礙。另外,常規(guī)活性污泥系統(tǒng)在處理高含鹽廢水時,常常由于生物量流失嚴重而致使系統(tǒng)不易穩(wěn)定,好氧顆粒污泥系統(tǒng)有可能是解決這一問題的有效途徑之一。鑒于此,本論文在對好氧顆粒污泥快速啟動方法及其凈化性能研究的基礎上,探索該系統(tǒng)處理高含鹽廢水的可行性。試驗采用SBR反應器進行好氧顆粒污泥的培養(yǎng)。研究表明,在僅接種普通絮體活性污泥(R1)、添加細土(R2)、投加少量厭氧顆粒(R3)為凝結(jié)核的3種培養(yǎng)方式下,成功啟動好氧顆粒污泥系統(tǒng)的時間分別為30天、21天、15天,采用添加細土和厭氧顆粒的方法縮短了好氧顆粒污泥的形成時間。3組反應器培養(yǎng)出的好氧顆粒污泥平均粒徑分別為0.3mm、0.5mm、0.8mm;沉降速度分別為0.32cm/s、0.65cm/s、1.02cm/s;含水率分別為97.6%、96.2%、95.3%;比耗氧速率分別為41.13 mg/(g·h)、45.89 mg/(g·h)、64.12 mg/(g·h)。試驗形成的顆粒沉降性能良好,SVI值在35~45m L/g之間。掃描電鏡觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)顆粒內(nèi)部存在較多孔洞,作為營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和氧氣的傳輸通道,同時可觀察到大量球菌和桿菌存在,也有少量絲狀菌。3組反應器對于COD、NH4+-N和TP均有較好的處理效果。論文基于米-門方程,研究了培養(yǎng)出的3種好氧顆粒污泥的動力學差異。研究結(jié)果表明,R1、R2、R3中培養(yǎng)成熟的好氧顆粒污泥的降解動力學方程分別為:利用R3反應器中培養(yǎng)成熟的好氧顆粒污泥,考察鹽度變化對顆粒污泥理化性質(zhì)及微生物凈化性能的影響。結(jié)果表明:在含鹽量低于1%條件下,顆粒內(nèi)部容易形成中空,但整體結(jié)構(gòu)較為密實,經(jīng)過適應后仍能保持較高的微生物活性,對COD和NH4+-N的去除效率為90%和91%,高于普通絮體污泥相同含鹽量的80%和82%;含鹽量為2.5%時,顆粒結(jié)構(gòu)松散,部分顆粒破碎解體,系統(tǒng)出水SS升高,有機物去除效率開始下降;含鹽量提高到5%后,好氧顆粒又變得密實,顆粒粒徑增大并穩(wěn)定,但微生物活性受到明顯影響,好氧顆粒的污泥活性下降60%,普通絮體污泥下降70~80%,COD去除效果分別為70%和26%,NH4+-N去除率分別為85%和40%,在此條件下,普通活性污泥嚴重受到抑制,而好氧顆粒污泥系統(tǒng)仍具有較好的有機物去除效果。
[Abstract]:Aerobic granular sludge is a new biological treatment technology in recent years. Compared with the traditional flocculating activated sludge, aerobic granular sludge has the advantages of high biological activity, dense microstructure, good settling performance and high particle strength. To maintain high sludge concentrations and biomass in the reactor, and thus withstand the impact of high concentrations of organic wastewater and toxic substances, At present, it is a research hotspot in the field of wastewater biological treatment. However, the long start-up period of aerobic granular sludge system is a major obstacle in its practical application. In addition, conventional activated sludge system is used to treat high-salt wastewater. Aerobic granular sludge systems may be one of the effective ways to solve this problem, given that the system is not always stable because of the loss of biomass. On the basis of the research on the rapid start-up method of aerobic granular sludge and its purification performance, the feasibility of treating high salt wastewater with this system was explored in this paper. SBR reactor was used to culture aerobic granular sludge. Under the conditions of inoculating only ordinary flocs activated sludge (R1), adding fine soil (R2N) and adding a small amount of anaerobic granules (R3) as condensation nuclei, the successful start-up time of aerobic granular sludge system was 30 days, 21 days and 15 days, respectively. By adding fine soil and anaerobic particles, the formation time of aerobic granular sludge was shortened. 3 groups of reactors, the average diameter of aerobic granular sludge was 0.3mm / 0.5mm / mm, the settling velocity was 0.32 cm / s 0.65 cm / s 1.02cm / s, the water content was 97.6295.3cm / s, respectively, and the specific oxygen consumption rate was 97.6 mm / s, 0.32 cm / s 0.65 cm / s 1.02cm / s, respectively. The results show that the sedimentation property of the particles is in the range of 35 ~ 45ml / g. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that there are many pores in the particles. As a transport channel for nutrients and oxygen, a large number of cocci and bacilli were observed, and a small amount of filamentous bacteria group .3 reactor was used to treat CODN NH4-N and TP. The kinetics difference of aerobic granular sludge was studied. The results showed that the degradation kinetics equations of mature aerobic granular sludge in R1 / R2 / R3 reactor were as follows: mature aerobic granular sludge was cultured in R3 reactor. The effects of salinity on the physicochemical properties of granular sludge and the purification performance of microorganism were investigated. The results showed that when the salt content was less than 1%, the inner part of granular was easy to form hollow, but the whole structure was relatively dense. The removal efficiency of COD and NH4 N was 90% and 91, which was higher than that of ordinary flocs with the same salt content of 80% and 82.When the salt content was 2.5, the particle structure was loose and some particles were broken apart. With the increase of SS, the removal efficiency of organic matter began to decrease, and when the salt content reached 5%, the aerobic particles became dense, the particle size increased and stabilized, but the microbial activity was obviously affected. The sludge activity of aerobic granules decreased by 60%, and that of ordinary flocs decreased by 70% and 80% respectively. The removal efficiency of NH4-N was 85% and 40, respectively. Under these conditions, the common activated sludge was seriously inhibited. However, aerobic granular sludge system still has better removal effect of organic matter.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703

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本文編號：1560572