本文關(guān)鍵詞： 模擬酸雨 水稻土 草茬還田 土壤養(yǎng)分　出處：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)南方地區(qū)已被列入世界三大酸雨重災(zāi)區(qū)之一,土壤酸化嚴(yán)重,而但呈現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步加劇擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì)。酸雨能降低土壤pH值,導(dǎo)致土壤肥力下降,影響土壤養(yǎng)分轉(zhuǎn)化,最終使生產(chǎn)力下降,嚴(yán)重阻礙農(nóng)田的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。秸稈還田能改善土壤肥力,補(bǔ)充土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)等多種養(yǎng)分,緩解酸雨造成的土壤養(yǎng)分淋失,具有培肥地力、提高作物產(chǎn)量的功效,已得到大量研究證實(shí)。但目前不同草種的草茬還田后對(duì)在酸雨淋溶條件下土壤不同養(yǎng)分形態(tài)的緩解效果的研究還鮮見(jiàn)報(bào)道。因此,本研究選取水稻土作為供試土壤,添加六種適宜于冬季種植的冷季型草茬,分別為黑麥草、看麥娘、燕麥草、紫云英、白三葉和油菜,采用模擬酸雨對(duì)草茬還田后進(jìn)行淋溶試驗(yàn),旨在探明模擬酸雨條件下草茬還田后水稻土壤中碳、氮、磷元素及土壤酶活性的變化規(guī)律。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1、草茬還田能緩解模擬酸雨對(duì)水稻土中碳元素的淋失。緩解有機(jī)質(zhì)淋失效果最好是看麥娘草茬,其次是紫云英、三葉草、油菜和燕麥草茬,黑麥草草茬最差。緩解活性有機(jī)碳淋失效果以三葉草草茬效果最優(yōu),其次是油菜、燕麥、黑麥草和紫云英草茬,看麥娘草茬最差。2、草茬還田能緩解模擬酸雨對(duì)水稻土中氮元素的淋失。緩解全氮淋失效果最好是看麥娘草茬,其次是紫云英、三葉草、油菜和燕麥草茬,黑麥草草茬最差。緩解速效氮淋失效果最好的是看麥娘草茬,其次是燕麥、黑麥草、油菜和紫云英草茬,三葉草草茬最差。3、草茬還田能緩解模擬酸雨對(duì)水稻土中磷元素的淋失。緩解全磷淋失緩解效果最好的是油菜草茬,其次是三葉草、紫云英、看麥娘和黑麥草草茬,燕麥草茬最差。緩解水稻土中速效磷淋失效果最好的是油菜草茬,其次是三葉草草茬、紫云英草茬、看麥娘草茬和黑麥草草茬,燕麥草茬最差。4、草茬還田能緩解模擬酸雨對(duì)水稻土中酶活性的破壞。緩解對(duì)蛋白酶活性的破壞效果最好的是油菜草茬,其次是黑麥草、紫云英、三葉草和看麥娘草茬,燕麥草茬最差。緩解對(duì)酸性磷酸酶活性的破壞以三葉草草茬最優(yōu),其次是紫云英、黑麥草、看麥娘和油菜草茬,燕麥草茬最差。緩解對(duì)過(guò)氧化氫酶活性的破壞以三葉草草茬最優(yōu),其次是油菜、燕麥、看麥娘和黑麥草草茬,紫云英草茬最差。緩解對(duì)脲酶活性的破壞以油菜草茬最優(yōu),其次是三葉草、黑麥草、紫云英和看麥娘草茬,燕麥草茬最差。
[Abstract]:The southern region of China has been listed as one of the three major acid rain disaster areas in the world. The acidification of soil is serious, but it shows a trend of further aggravation and expansion. Acid rain can reduce the soil pH value, lead to the decline of soil fertility, and affect the soil nutrient transformation. It can improve soil fertility, supplement soil organic matter and other nutrients, alleviate the leaching of soil nutrients caused by acid rain, and have fertility. The effect of increasing crop yield has been confirmed by a large number of studies. However, there are few reports on the mitigation effects of different nutrient forms of soil under acid rain leaching after the straw stubble is returned to the field. In this study, paddy soil was selected as the tested soil, and six kinds of cold-season stubble suitable for winter planting were added, which were ryegrass, Ophiopogon, oatgrass, purple cloud, white clover and rape, respectively. Simulated acid rain was used to study the carbon and nitrogen in rice soil after returning stubble to field under simulated acid rain. The main results are as follows: 1. Returning straw stubble to field can alleviate the leaching loss of carbon element in paddy soil by simulated acid rain. In rape and oat stubble, ryegrass stubble was the worst, and clover stubble was the best, followed by rape, oat, ryegrass and yew stubble. The wheat stubble is the worst. 2. Returning the stubble to the field can alleviate the leaching loss of nitrogen element in paddy soil by simulated acid rain. The best way to mitigate the total nitrogen leaching is to see the wheat bristles, followed by purple cloud, clover, rapeseed and oat stubble. The stubble of ryegrass was the worst. The best way to mitigate the rapid nitrogen leaching was to see the stubble, followed by oats, ryegrass, rapeseed and yew stubble. The clover stubble was the worst. 3. The return of clover stubble to field could alleviate the leaching loss of phosphorus in paddy soil by simulated acid rain. The best mitigation effect of total phosphorus leaching was rape stubble, followed by clover, purple cloud, wheat mildew and ryegrass stubble. Oat stubble was the worst. The best available phosphorus in paddy soil was rape stubble, followed by clover stubble, Laver stubble, wheat bristles stubble and ryegrass stubble. Oat stubble was the worst. 4. Returning stubble could alleviate the damage of enzyme activity in paddy soil caused by simulated acid rain. The most effective way to alleviate the damage of protease activity was rape stubble, followed by ryegrass, purple cloud, clover and prickly stubble. The stubble of oats was the worst. In order to alleviate the damage to the activity of acid phosphatase, clover stubble was the best, followed by Laver, ryegrass, wheat mildew and rape stubble, Oat stubble was the worst. Clover stubble was the best to alleviate the damage to catalase activity, followed by rape, oat, wheat millet and ryegrass stubble, yew turnip stubble was the worst, and rapeseed stubble was the best to mitigate the damage to urease activity. Followed by clover, ryegrass, yew and wheat bristles, oats the worst stubble.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S158;X517

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本文編號(hào)：1554406