本文關(guān)鍵詞： 底灰 重金屬 遷移性 形態(tài)　出處：《河北工程大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：垃圾焚燒技術(shù)的應(yīng)用帶來了新的問題,焚燒灰渣的安全處置成為新的熱點。垃圾焚燒底灰占焚燒灰渣總重量的80%左右,有相當一部分重金屬富集在底灰中。所以填埋場中,底灰受到地球化學等因素的影響,重金屬的形態(tài)和遷移性會發(fā)生變化,因此研究底灰中重金屬遷移性及轉(zhuǎn)化機理是有必要的。本文對新鮮底灰的基礎(chǔ)理化性質(zhì)進行了分析,包括底灰的物理組成、含水率、總孔隙率、礦物形態(tài)以及重金屬含量等。實驗數(shù)據(jù)表明底灰屬于多孔介質(zhì),呈強堿性,主要礦物質(zhì)為石英和方解石。在實驗室條件下對MSWI底灰進行了為期64周的模擬填埋試驗,并對產(chǎn)生的滲濾液的性質(zhì)進行了分析。模擬試驗包括缺氧柱和好氧柱,分別測定了兩個柱中產(chǎn)生的滲濾液的p H、ORP、TP、TN、COD和TOC等指標。根據(jù)試驗結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)滲濾液的性質(zhì)隨時間和模擬降雨次數(shù)的增加而不斷發(fā)生變化,其中p H值持續(xù)下降,而ORP則逐漸升高然后下降;COD、TOC、TN和TP可分為急速上升、快速下降、緩慢下降和基本穩(wěn)定四個階段。從整個試驗過程來看,p H在試驗結(jié)束時仍維持在強堿性。在試驗結(jié)束時兩組試驗中產(chǎn)生的滲濾液的p H、TOC和COD等三個水質(zhì)指標均超出《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標準》(GB18918-2002)一級A排放標準。對新鮮底灰和試驗過程中從取樣口采集的底灰進行檢測,發(fā)現(xiàn)新鮮底灰中Cu、Zn和Cd含量是超出標準值的,缺氧條件和好氧條件下底灰中Cu、Zn和Cr含量變化趨勢不明顯;缺氧條件下Pb含量呈上升趨勢,而好氧條件下Pb含量波動變化;缺氧條件下A取樣口Ni含量呈上升趨勢,B取樣口則呈下降趨勢,好氧條件下A、B取樣口的底灰均呈下降趨勢;好氧條件下的As含量隨時間延長而減少,缺氧條件下明顯變化。試驗初始階段,滲濾液中含有Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni和Cu等重金屬離子,其中Cd低于《污水綜合排放標準》(GB8978-2002)浸出限,而Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cu均高于浸出。底灰中重金屬含量較高,但不同重金屬的含量和滲出總量差異較大。主要的幾種重金屬滲出總量從高到低為:CuCrNiZnPb,同種元素在不同條件下的滲出量不同但滲出率差異較小,滲出率從高到低為:NiCuCrPbZn,Ni的滲出率在20%左右,Cu和Cr在3%~8%之間,Pb和Zn的滲出率低于0.12%。利用XAFS技術(shù)對試驗底灰中Zn的形態(tài)進行測試并采用Ifeffit軟件進行擬合分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)新鮮灰中存在Zn2Si O4、Zn Fe2O4、Zn O和Zn SO4四種Zn的化合物。
[Abstract]:The application of waste incineration technology has brought new problems, the safe disposal of incineration ash has become a new hotspot. Waste incineration bottom ash incineration ash accounted for about 80% of the total weight, a considerable part of the accumulation of heavy metals in bottom ash. So in landfill, bottom ash is affected by factors such as geochemistry, morphology and migration heavy metal will change, so the study of migration of heavy metals in bottom ash and transformation mechanism is necessary. In this paper, on the basis of fresh bottom ash physicochemical properties were analyzed, including the bottom ash physical composition, water content, total porosity, morphology and mineral content of heavy metals. The experimental data show that the bottom ash belongs to the porous medium that is strongly alkaline, the main minerals of quartz and calcite. Under laboratory conditions of MSWI bottom ash simulated landfill test for 64 weeks, and the character of leachate were analyzed. The simulation test Test including anoxic aerobic column column, P H, leachate two columns were determined by ORP, TP, TN, COD and TOC were analyzed. According to the test results, the leachate properties were found to increase with time and the number of simulated rainfall changes, of which p H continued to decline. While ORP is gradually increased and then decreased; COD, TOC, TN and TP can be divided into the rapid rise, rapid decline, slow decline and stable four stages. From the entire test process, P H remained in strong alkaline at the end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment two experiment of leachate generated P H, TOC and COD three indexes of water quality exceeded < plant pollutant discharge standard of urban sewage treatment (> GB18918-2002) level A emission standard. The fresh bottom ash and bottom ash during the test from the sampling port acquisition test, find the fresh bottom ash of Cu, Zn and Cd content is beyond the standard value the hypoxia The conditions and aerobic conditions in bottom ash of Cu, Zn and Cr content change trend is not obvious; the content of Pb under hypoxic conditions increased, while under aerobic conditions Pb content fluctuation; under hypoxic conditions A sampling port Ni content increased, B sampling port decreased, under aerobic conditions A bottom ash B sampling port was decreased; the content of As under aerobic conditions decreased with time under hypoxic conditions, obvious changes. The initial stage of experiment, the leachate containing Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni and Cu and other heavy metal ions, which is lower than that of Cd "integrated wastewater discharge standard" (GB8978-2002) leaching and Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu were higher than that of leaching. Bottom ash is higher, but the content of exudation and the total quantity difference of different heavy metals. The heavy metals mainly larger volume of exudate from high to low: CuCrNiZnPb, the same element in different conditions but different exudation exudation rate differences Small leakage rate from high to low: NiCuCrPbZn, Ni leakage rate at around 20%, Cu and Cr between 3%~8%, Pb and Zn leakage rate below the 0.12%. to test the bottom ash in the form of Zn and fitting analysis by Ifeffit software using XAFS technology, found in Zn2Si O4 in fresh ash deposit Zn, Fe2O4, O and Zn compound Zn SO4 four Zn.

【學位授予單位】：河北工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X705

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本文編號：1551100