本文關鍵詞： 植物群落 演替 景觀恢復　出處：《河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國現(xiàn)代化和城鎮(zhèn)化建設的推進,城市的規(guī)模不斷擴大,繁華的城市給民眾帶來便利的同時也產(chǎn)生了大量的廢棄物,其中以生活垃圾和建筑垃圾為主。本文以垃圾填埋場恢復綠地為研究對象,分析國內(nèi)外有關垃圾場景觀改造的成功案例,從工程技術措施、植物配置、景觀效果方面總結(jié)出了科學有用的價值。本文對河南北部地區(qū)的3個處于不同植被演替階段的垃圾場進行夏季和秋季的群落特征實地調(diào)查,在群落的數(shù)量特征方面調(diào)查了植物名稱、多度、高度、胸徑、蓋度、冠幅、生活力和死亡狀況。分析了安陽七里店垃圾填埋場、濮陽濮水公園建筑垃圾山兩者景觀植物群落生長狀況不同的原因,得出了垃圾填埋場恢復綠地群落演替規(guī)律,篩選出適合豫北地區(qū)垃圾填埋場恢復綠地的先鋒樹種和耐性樹種。在工程技術方面,首先對兩者的堆體整形、覆土厚度進行研究,采用階梯狀臺地是兩者的共同做法。垃圾山表面先鋪設30cm厚的粘土防滲層,用于阻隔雨水下滲和填埋氣體外漏,在其上鋪設80—120cm厚的種植層。在調(diào)查過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)安陽七里店垃圾填埋場山體西側(cè)坡度較大,植被死亡率高,土地裸漏嚴重,需要在植物材料、水土保持方面有所調(diào)整;濮陽市濮水公園建筑垃圾山東部山體西坡面、西部山體東南坡面均有不同程度的塌陷和雨水沖刷的溝壑,影響景觀效果,構(gòu)成安全隱患,需要加強修復。在景觀效果方面從山體造型、水體景觀、植物群落景觀等方面對調(diào)查對象進行了研究,濮水公園景觀恢復效果顯著,形成了一個山水環(huán)抱、綠樹成蔭、層林疊翠的山水園林景觀。但是豫北地區(qū)垃圾填埋場恢復綠地景觀改造方面還存在諸多問題,如:缺少前期長遠的科學規(guī)劃、缺乏后期有效的監(jiān)督管理等,需要改進和提升。在上述調(diào)查現(xiàn)狀和國內(nèi)外成功案例的研究基礎上,筆者總結(jié)了適合我國垃圾填埋場生態(tài)景觀恢復的策略,并且用于安陽七里店垃圾填埋場的景觀改造設計的實踐中,做到了理論聯(lián)系實際。
[Abstract]:With the development of modernization and urbanization in our country, the scale of the city is expanding constantly. While the prosperous city brings convenience to the people, it also produces a large amount of waste at the same time. In this paper, the restoration of green land in landfills is the research object, and the successful cases of landscape reconstruction of garbage sites at home and abroad are analyzed, including engineering and technical measures, plant configuration, and so on. In this paper, the community characteristics of three garbage sites in different vegetation succession stages in northern Henan were investigated in summer and autumn. The plant name, abundance, height, DBH, coverage, crown width, viability and death status of the community were investigated in terms of the quantitative characteristics of the community. The reasons for the difference of plant community growth status between the two landscape plants in Puyang Pushui Park were obtained, and the succession law of green land community in the landfill site was obtained. The vanguard tree species and tolerant tree species suitable for the restoration of green land at landfills in the north of Henan Province were screened out. In engineering technology, first of all, the heaps and the thickness of the overlying soil were studied. It is the common practice of the two methods to adopt the stepped platform. First, 30cm thick clay impervious layer is laid on the surface of the garbage hill, which is used to block Rain Water's infiltration and landfill gas leakage. Planting layer of 80-120cm thick was laid on it. In the course of investigation, it was found that the slope of the west side of Qilidian garbage landfill in Anyang was large, the death rate of vegetation was high, the bare leakage of land was serious, and some adjustments should be made in plant materials and soil and water conservation. In Puyang Pushui Park, the west slope of the Shandong part of the construction garbage and the southeast slope of the western mountain body have different degrees of collapse and gully scoured by Rain Water, which affects the landscape effect and constitutes a hidden danger of safety. In the aspect of landscape effect, the investigation objects were studied from the aspects of mountain modeling, water landscape, plant community landscape and so on. The landscape restoration effect of Pushui Park was remarkable, forming a landscape surrounded by mountains and rivers, with trees in shade. There are still many problems in the restoration of green landscape in landfills in northern Henan Province, such as the lack of long-term scientific planning in the early stage, the lack of effective supervision and management in the later period, etc. On the basis of the above investigation status and successful cases at home and abroad, the author summarizes the strategies suitable for the ecological landscape restoration of landfills in China. And in the practice of landscape reconstruction design of Qilidian landfill in Anyang, the theory is combined with practice.
【學位授予單位】：河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X705

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