本文關(guān)鍵詞： 生物炭 Cd 土壤 水稻 油菜 葉面硅肥　出處：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為了明確生物炭材料在治理Cd污染土壤上的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,本文主要以生物炭材料為土壤改良劑,選取2種類型的Cd污染土壤(單一Cd污染土壤和以Cd污染為主的重金屬?gòu)?fù)合污染土壤),分別通過土壤的室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)、水稻和油菜的室外盆栽試驗(yàn),探討生物炭的施用對(duì)土壤Cd活性以及水稻、油菜吸收累積Cd的影響。主要試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下：(1)通過對(duì)單一Cd污染土壤和重Cd污染土壤開展的土壤室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn),在淹水條件下施用不同量的竹炭,并分別在培養(yǎng)了5d, 10d,20d,40d后采集適量樣品,探究土壤中Cd的形態(tài)變化情況。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,生物炭的施用能提高土壤pH值、降低土壤可交換態(tài)Cd的含量,且土壤可交換態(tài)Cd含量與土壤pH值之間存在極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系；在2種土壤中,通過40d的培養(yǎng),隨著培養(yǎng)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)和生物炭施用量的增多,土壤中可交換態(tài)Cd含量越低,鎘活性指數(shù)越低,且添加4%的竹炭效果最佳；淹水條件對(duì)降低單一Cd污染土壤中可交換態(tài)Cd含量和鎘活性指數(shù)有很好的作用。(2)通過選用單一Cd污染土壤開展水稻的室外盆栽試驗(yàn),研究施用一次生物炭對(duì)兩季水稻(早稻和晚稻)吸收累積Cd的影響研究。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,施用4%的竹炭對(duì)降低成熟期水稻各部位的Cd含量效果最明顯。2個(gè)早稻品種(湘早秈32號(hào),株兩優(yōu)819)和2個(gè)晚稻品種(湘晚秈13號(hào),玉針香)在吸收累積Cd的規(guī)律上基本表現(xiàn)一致,這說明施用一次生物炭能有效抑制兩季水稻對(duì)Cd的吸收累積。(3)通過選用重Cd污染土壤開展油菜的室外盆栽試驗(yàn),研究不同種類生物炭的施用對(duì)油菜根部土壤中Cd的形態(tài)變化和成熟期油菜吸收累積Cd的影響研究。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,施用1%的檸條炭對(duì)降低湘油27號(hào)成熟期各部位Cd含量和降低土壤中重金屬Cd的有效性的作用最顯著。(4)通過選用重Cd污染土壤開展水稻的室外盆栽試驗(yàn),探究生物炭和葉面硅肥的共同作用對(duì)水稻吸收累積Cd的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,0.5%的竹炭和葉面硅肥的共同作用,抑制株兩優(yōu)819和玉針香2個(gè)水稻品種對(duì)Cd吸收累積的效果最好。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the application value of biochar material in the treatment of CD contaminated soil, this paper mainly uses biochar material as soil modifier. Two types of CD contaminated soils (single CD contaminated soil and heavy metal compound contaminated soil with CD pollution) were selected. The effects of biochar application on soil CD activity and CD uptake and accumulation by rice and rape were studied. The main results were as follows: 1) the indoor culture experiment of single CD contaminated soil and heavy CD contaminated soil was carried out. Different amount of bamboo charcoal was applied under flooded condition, and after cultivation for 5 days, 10 days and 20 days for 40 days, appropriate samples were collected to investigate the changes of CD forms in soil. The results showed that the application of biochar could improve the pH value of soil. The content of exchangeable CD in soil decreased, and there was a significant negative correlation between the content of exchangeable CD in soil and pH value of soil. The lower the content of exchangeable CD in soil, the lower the activity index of cadmium, and the effect of adding 4% to bamboo charcoal was the best. Flooding condition has a good effect on reducing exchangeable CD content and cadmium activity index in single CD contaminated soil. The effects of primary biochar application on CD accumulation in two-cropping rice (early rice and late rice) were studied. The application of 4% bamboo charcoal had the most obvious effect on reducing CD content in all parts of mature rice. Two early rice varieties (Xiangzao indica 32, Zhuliangyou 819) and two late rice varieties (Xiangduan13) were observed. The results showed that the application of single biochar could effectively inhibit the CD uptake and accumulation in two cropping rice.) the experiment of rape pot culture was carried out by heavy CD pollution soil, which indicated that the application of biochar could effectively inhibit the accumulation of CD in rice. The effects of different biochar application on the morphological changes of CD in rape root soil and the absorption and accumulation of CD in rapeseed at maturity were studied. Application of 1% Caragana Caragana had the most significant effect on reducing CD content in all parts of Xiangyou 27 at maturity stage and the availability of heavy metal CD in soil. The effects of biochar and foliar silicon fertilizer on CD uptake and accumulation in rice were investigated. The results showed that 0.5% bamboo charcoal and leaf silicon fertilizer had the best effect on CD uptake and accumulation in two rice varieties, Shuliangyou 819 and Yujioxiang.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53;X56

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