本文關(guān)鍵詞： 植物籬系統(tǒng) 坡耕地農(nóng)田廢水 地表徑流 污染物 去除率　出處：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),我國(guó)坡耕地對(duì)農(nóng)藥、化肥的有效使用率僅僅為30%,多數(shù)未被利用的農(nóng)藥、化肥隨降雨或農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉而形成農(nóng)田廢水,通過(guò)地表徑流或地下滲漏等途徑直接進(jìn)入到地表水或地下水系統(tǒng),從而導(dǎo)致水體污染。雖然我國(guó)采取多種措施減緩農(nóng)田廢水所帶來(lái)的面源污染,但是農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染所引起的流域水質(zhì)惡化趨勢(shì)并未得到根本改善,甚至部分湖、河水質(zhì)狀況堪憂。植物籬技術(shù)作為一種廣泛應(yīng)用于坡耕地與水環(huán)境之間的生態(tài)隔離措施,可以控制坡耕地農(nóng)田廢水中營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素流失。本文選擇四川常見(jiàn)且廣泛用于生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)、固土護(hù)坡、邊坡綠化的3種植物為對(duì)象(紅葉石楠、小葉女貞和黑麥草),構(gòu)建植物籬系統(tǒng)。研究過(guò)程中,將三種植物進(jìn)行混搭形成四種不同的植物籬系統(tǒng)(T1：紅葉石楠+小葉女貞+黑麥草；T2：紅葉石楠+小葉女貞；T3：小葉女貞+黑麥草；T4：紅葉石楠+黑麥草)。本文首先通過(guò)正交實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)探討植被條件、污染物進(jìn)水濃度、降雨量、坡度4種因素對(duì)植物籬系統(tǒng)去除各種徑流污染物的影響,并對(duì)各因素進(jìn)行多元回歸分析；其次,研究不同坡度和污染物進(jìn)水濃度下,四種植物籬系統(tǒng)對(duì)坡耕地農(nóng)田廢水隨地表徑流流失的總氮(TN)、總磷(TP)、氨氮(NH3-N)、總有機(jī)碳(TOC)、化學(xué)需氧量(COD)的去除效果。研究結(jié)果如下：(1)正交實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,植被條件、污染物進(jìn)水濃度、降雨量均對(duì)植物籬對(duì)TN的去除具有極顯著影響,而坡度對(duì)TN的去除具有顯著影響；植被條件、污染物進(jìn)水濃度、坡度能極顯著影響植物籬對(duì)TP和TOC的去除率,而降雨量的影響不顯著；植被條件、降雨量和坡度對(duì)氨氮去除率具有極顯著的影響,而污染物進(jìn)水濃度對(duì)其有顯著影響;四種因素對(duì)COD的去除率具有極顯著的影響。多元回歸分析表明,各因素間存在極顯著的線性關(guān)系。(2)植物籬系統(tǒng)對(duì)農(nóng)田廢水中5種污染物的去除率均隨坡度的增加而降低,其中TP、NH3-N、COD的去除率受坡度影響尤為明顯。研究表明,當(dāng)坡度由5°增加到20°時(shí),TP的去除率由52.25%～76.75%降至33.68%-60.34%、NH3-N的去除率由36.84%～68.33%降至34.30%～45.46%、COD的去除率由13.26%～38.69%降至3.15%-26.74%；除NH3-N外,隨著污染物進(jìn)水濃度的升高,植物籬對(duì)其去除效果越明顯。當(dāng)進(jìn)水水質(zhì)從低濃度增加到高濃度時(shí),TP的去除率可由33.33%～60.11%升至57.06%～81.44%、TOC的去除率可由-0.84%-2.92%升至9.64%～17.69%、COD的去除率可由-14.75%-11.25%升至20.62%～42.33%。(3)植物籬系統(tǒng)對(duì)TN、TP、NH3-N、TOC、COD的去除效果顯著優(yōu)于裸土。與裸土相比,在不同坡度下,以上5種污染物的去除率最高分別能由12.81%上升至47.02%、34.29%上升至76.75%、18.27%上升至68.33%、-0.93%上升至11.52%、2.31%上升至38.69%；在不同污染物進(jìn)水濃度下,5種污染物的去除率最高分別能由15.57%升至53.05%、37.93%升至81.44%、17.60%升至64.05%、2.92%升至17.69%、-33.40%升至11.25%。(4)四種植物籬系統(tǒng)對(duì)模擬農(nóng)田廢水的平均去除效果由大到小依次為：T1T4T3T2,即紅葉石楠+小葉女貞+黑麥草去除效果最佳。其主要原因在于,這三種植物的地表覆蓋率高、根系發(fā)達(dá),并且在去污功能上相互取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短、協(xié)同固定污染物等性質(zhì)密切相關(guān)。綜上所述,紅葉石楠、小葉女貞、黑麥草進(jìn)行混搭后形成植物籬系統(tǒng)對(duì)坡耕地農(nóng)田廢水中的污染物去除效果顯著,成本低廉、投入少、適用范圍廣。研究結(jié)果可以為坡耕地農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的控制、植物籬技術(shù)的推廣和重點(diǎn)水源地的保護(hù)提供理論依據(jù),為改善西南地區(qū)的水環(huán)境質(zhì)量提供一條新思路。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's sloping land of pesticides, effective fertilizer use rate of only 30%, most of the unused pesticides, fertilizers and the formation of agricultural wastewater with rainfall or irrigation, direct access to surface water or groundwater system through surface runoff or underground leakage pathways, resulting in water pollution. Although China has taken various the measures of non-point source pollution caused by slow agricultural wastewater, but the water quality of agricultural non-point source pollution caused by the deterioration of the trend has not been fundamentally improved, and even part of the lake, the water quality condition. Hedgerow technology is a widely used in slope land and water environment ecological isolation measures, can control the nutrient elements in sloping farmland water loss. This paper chooses Sichuan common and widely used in environmental remediation, soil protection, 3 species of green slope as the object (red Shi Nan, Ligustrum quihoui and ryegrass), The construction of Hedgerow System. In the course of the study, three kinds of plants are mixed to form four kinds of different Hedgerow System (T1: Photinia + Ligustrum quihoui + ryegrass; T2: Photinia + Ligustrum quihoui; T3: Ligustrum quihoui + ryegrass; T4: Photinia + ryegrass). This paper discusses the vegetation conditions by orthogonal firstly, the influent concentration of pollutants, pollutant removal effect of rainfall runoff on various hedgerow slope system of 4 kinds of factors, and the factors for multiple regression analysis; secondly, on different slope and pollutant influent concentration, four kinds of Hedgerow System with total nitrogen loss by runoff on sloping farmland wastewater (TN) (TP), ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus (NH3-N), total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The results are as follows: (1) the experimental results showed that the vegetation condition, the influent concentration of pollutants, and rainfall Physical fence had significant effects on the removal of TN, and the slope has a significant impact on the removal of TN; vegetation conditions, pollutant concentration, slope can significantly influence the hedgerow on TP and the removal rate of TOC, but not significantly influenced by precipitation; vegetation, rainfall and slope rate has significant effect on ammonia nitrogen the removal of pollutants, and the influent concentration has a significant effect on the four factors; the removal rate of COD has significant effect. Multiple regression analysis showed that there existed extremely significant linear relationships between various factors. (2) the Hedgerow System of 5 kinds of pollutants in agricultural wastewater removal rate decreased with the increase of slope among them, TP, NH3-N, COD removal rate is affected by slope has obvious effect. The results show that when the slope increased from 5 degrees to 20 degrees, the removal rate of TP from 52.25% to 76.75% to 33.68%-60.34%, the removal rate of NH3-N from 36.84% to 68.33% to 34.30% To 45.46%, the removal rate of COD from 13.26% to 38.69% to 3.15%-26.74%; in addition to NH3-N, with the increase of pollutant concentration, hedgerows on the removal effect is more obvious. When the influent water increased from low concentration to high concentration, the removal rate of TP from 33.33% ~ 60.11% to 57.06% ~ 81.44%, the removal rate of TOC from -0.84%-2.92% to 9.64% ~ 17.69%, the removal rate of COD from -14.75%-11.25% to 42.33%. (20.62% ~ 3) Hedgerow System on TN, TP, NH3-N, TOC, the removal rate of COD was significantly higher than that of bare soil. Compared with bare soil, under different slope, with 5 kinds of pollutants on the highest removal rate can respectively. Increased from 12.81% to 47.02%, 34.29% up to 76.75%, 18.27% up to 68.33%, -0.93% increased to 11.52%, rising to 2.31% in 38.69%; different pollutants influent concentration, 5 kinds of pollutants removal rate respectively rose from 15.57% to 53.05%, 37.93% to 81.44 %,17.60%鍗囪嚦64.05%,2.92%鍗囪嚦17.69%,-33.40%鍗囪嚦11.25%.(4)鍥涚妞嶇墿綃辯郴緇熷妯℃嫙鍐滅敯搴熸按鐨勫鉤鍧囧幓闄ゆ晥鏋滅敱澶у埌灝忎緷嬈′負(fù)錛歍1T4T3T2,鍗崇孩鍙剁煶妤，

本文編號(hào)：1521614