本文關(guān)鍵詞： 絮體結(jié)構(gòu) 沖擊負(fù)荷 A~2/O工藝 呼吸圖譜 胞外聚合物　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：活性污泥法作為生物處理過(guò)程中廣泛應(yīng)用的技術(shù),首要面對(duì)的問(wèn)題是脫氮除磷效率較低且能耗過(guò)高,系統(tǒng)的耐沖擊負(fù)荷穩(wěn)定性較差。而絮體結(jié)構(gòu)作為絮凝工藝中最重要的基本參數(shù)之一,不僅在微生物生化反應(yīng)過(guò)程中影響污水中有機(jī)底物的吸附作用和傳質(zhì)效果等,還在宏觀上決定了污泥的壓縮,沉降效果以及污泥的穩(wěn)定性等,對(duì)水處理效率有重要影響。本文以絮體結(jié)構(gòu)這一參數(shù)為視角,對(duì)一種新型改良A2/O工藝的運(yùn)行特性和機(jī)理,及其后續(xù)不同絮體結(jié)構(gòu)受沖擊影響規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究,為污水處理過(guò)程效率的提高和系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性的改進(jìn)提供了新思路。研究的內(nèi)容及結(jié)果包括:1、通過(guò)調(diào)整改良型A2/O工藝反應(yīng)器的生物選擇器,并對(duì)生物選擇器內(nèi)上升流速變化發(fā)生的40天內(nèi)參數(shù)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)通過(guò)加大改良型A2/O工藝中生物選擇器的上升流速可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)密實(shí)絮體富集。加大上升流速的40天內(nèi),好氧池的絮體粒徑峰值從280μm增長(zhǎng)到410μm,增大了46%,SV5、SV30以及SVI等沉降性參數(shù)分別下降了44%,48%和78%,微生物絮體尺寸也相應(yīng)增長(zhǎng)。(2)因生物選擇器而篩選的密實(shí)絮體更容易使自養(yǎng)菌依附生長(zhǎng),通過(guò)密實(shí)絮體的富集可以實(shí)現(xiàn)硝化細(xì)菌的富集,進(jìn)而提高脫氮效率。在密實(shí)絮體開(kāi)始富集的40天過(guò)程里,總氮去除率從42%升高到62%,提高了20%。(3)在本次實(shí)驗(yàn)生物選擇器實(shí)現(xiàn)密實(shí)絮體富集的過(guò)程中,除磷效果的變化沒(méi)有特別明顯的規(guī)律,去除率基本都在40%~50%之間波動(dòng)�？赡苁鞘軠囟群湍帻g等因素影響,無(wú)法比較疏松與密實(shí)絮體的除磷效果,仍需進(jìn)一步研究。2、為了進(jìn)一步探究分析改良工藝所篩選的絮體對(duì)環(huán)境影響程度的敏感性,繼續(xù)對(duì)不同絮體結(jié)構(gòu)的代表污泥進(jìn)行改變基質(zhì)短期沖擊試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果表明:(1)短期沖擊發(fā)生后,疏松絮體污泥密度變小,沉淀性變差;而密實(shí)絮體密度則持續(xù)變大,沉淀性變好。通過(guò)基質(zhì)的選擇,可在短期內(nèi)改變絮體的密度和沉降性能。而密實(shí)絮體在受沖擊后,污泥的密實(shí)程度和沉降性能好轉(zhuǎn),對(duì)后續(xù)的沉降和脫水過(guò)程影響較小,不易發(fā)生污泥膨脹等問(wèn)題。(2)疏松絮體異養(yǎng)菌活性持續(xù)下降,其所占的呼吸比例也明顯下降,而密實(shí)絮體異養(yǎng)菌活性在出現(xiàn)短暫抑制后快速上升,最終異養(yǎng)菌所占的呼吸比例略有上升。在沖擊過(guò)程中異養(yǎng)菌的活性對(duì)絮體結(jié)構(gòu)變化起關(guān)鍵作用,密實(shí)絮體在受到短期沖擊時(shí)總呼吸速率恢復(fù)更快,而這部分呼吸速率恢復(fù)中以異養(yǎng)菌為主。(3)熒光強(qiáng)度方面,腐殖酸類(lèi)物質(zhì)區(qū)的峰B在基質(zhì)變化沖擊后,變化趨勢(shì)都是減小甚至消失,因此峰B與原水組分有關(guān);色氨酸區(qū)的峰A在受到?jīng)_擊后變化不大�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō),EPS的熒光峰雖然存在一定變化,但絮體結(jié)構(gòu)的改變關(guān)聯(lián)性不大。
[Abstract]:As a widely used technology in biological treatment, activated sludge process mainly faces the problems of low efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and high energy consumption. As one of the most important basic parameters in flocculation process, flocs not only affect the adsorption and mass transfer effect of organic substrates in wastewater during microbial biochemical reaction, but also affect the stability of the system. It also determines the compressing, settling effect and stability of sludge, which has an important effect on water treatment efficiency. This paper takes the parameter of floc structure as a visual angle to study the operation characteristics and mechanism of a new modified A _ 2 / O process. The impact law of different floc structures was studied. It provides a new way to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment process and the stability of the system. The contents and results of the study include: 1, by adjusting the biological selectors of the modified A2 / O process reactor, The parameters of the rising velocity change in the biological selector were monitored within 40 days. It was found that the concentration of the dense flocs could be realized by increasing the rising velocity of the biological selector in the modified A2 / O process, and the rising velocity of the biological selector could be increased within 40 days. The peak particle size of flocs in aerobic tank increased from 280 渭 m to 410 渭 m, and the sedimentation parameters such as 46% SV5SV30 and SVI decreased by 44% and 78%, respectively, and the size of microbial flocs increased accordingly. The enrichment of nitrifying bacteria can be realized through the enrichment of dense flocs, and the denitrification efficiency can be improved. The removal rate of total nitrogen increased from 42% to 62%, which increased 20%.) in the process of realizing the enrichment of dense flocs in the biological selector in this experiment, the change of phosphorus removal efficiency was not particularly obvious. The removal rate fluctuates between 40% and 50%. It may be affected by temperature and mud age, so it is impossible to compare the phosphorus removal effect of loose and dense floc. In order to further explore the sensitivity of the flocs selected by the improved technology to the environmental impact, the short-term impact test of changing the substrate for the representative sludge of different floc structures was carried out. The results show that after short-term impact, the density of loose flocs becomes smaller and the sedimentation becomes worse, while the density of dense flocs continues to increase and the sedimentation becomes better. The density and settling performance of the flocs can be changed in a short period of time. However, the compactness and settling performance of the sludge improve after the impact, which has little effect on the subsequent sedimentation and dewatering process. Problems such as sludge bulking are not easy to occur. (2) the activity of heterotrophic bacteria in loose flocs decreases continuously, and the respiration ratio decreases obviously, while the activity of heterotrophic bacteria in dense flocs increases rapidly after a short period of inhibition. In the process of impact, the activity of heterotrophic bacteria plays a key role in the change of floc structure, and the total respiration rate of dense floc recovers faster when it is subjected to short-term shock. In this part of respiratory rate recovery, the fluorescence intensity of heterotrophic bacteria is dominant. The peak B of humic acid material region decreases or even disappears after the matrix changes, so peak B is related to the composition of raw water. The peak A of tryptophan region did not change much after shock. Generally speaking, the fluorescence peak of EPS changed to a certain extent, but the change of floc structure was not relevant.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X703

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