本文關(guān)鍵詞： 化學(xué)品碼頭 海洋環(huán)境污染 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 應(yīng)急對(duì)策　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：·海洋約占地球表面的四分之三,海洋中蘊(yùn)含著極其豐富的自然資源,其運(yùn)輸?shù)慕?jīng)濟(jì)性、方便性也帶動(dòng)了海上船舶運(yùn)輸業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,但同時(shí)海上船舶事故對(duì)海洋環(huán)境造成的污染也隨之增加,事故發(fā)生的不確定性和海水的流動(dòng)性使污染治理投入不斷加大。因此,人們?cè)陉P(guān)注海洋開(kāi)發(fā)與利用的同時(shí),同樣也注重對(duì)海洋環(huán)境的保護(hù)。大連是一個(gè)三面環(huán)海的海濱城市,主要以旅游業(yè)、造船業(yè)、化工業(yè)和養(yǎng)殖業(yè)帶動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。大孤山化學(xué)品碼頭位于大連開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)大孤山半島,在大連灣和大窯灣之間,集水、陸、空便利條件于一體,地理位置優(yōu)越。運(yùn)輸石油或化學(xué)品的船舶頻繁的進(jìn)出碼頭,增加了碼頭企業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)污染防治工作的強(qiáng)度。如果發(fā)生溢油事故或化學(xué)品泄漏事故勢(shì)必會(huì)造成附近海域環(huán)境的污染,導(dǎo)致海水水質(zhì)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、漁業(yè)、海濱旅游景區(qū)和人類健康都受到危害。本文通過(guò)對(duì)近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外海洋污染事故進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),對(duì)海上發(fā)生的船舶溢油事故、化學(xué)品泄露事故和火災(zāi)爆炸事故的危害、原因進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)合碼頭主要涉及的化學(xué)品貨物的理化性質(zhì)以及大孤山附近海域的海洋環(huán)境特點(diǎn)；對(duì)船舶運(yùn)輸中可能發(fā)生的污染事故對(duì)化學(xué)品碼頭和海洋環(huán)境造成的污染進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估；通過(guò)建立海上溢油漂移、化學(xué)品擴(kuò)散模型完成對(duì)污染物的漂移預(yù)測(cè)計(jì)算。結(jié)果表明污染事故對(duì)海域附近的三山島海珍品保護(hù)區(qū)和南部棒棰島、付家莊等濱海旅游區(qū)將造成嚴(yán)重的影響。本文目的是就大連大孤山化學(xué)品碼頭可能發(fā)生的船舶溢油事故、化學(xué)品泄漏事故和火災(zāi)爆炸事故等對(duì)海洋環(huán)境造成的污染做出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,并提出了相應(yīng)的應(yīng)急對(duì)策和可行性建議。
[Abstract]::: the oceans account for approximately 3/4 of the Earth's surface and contain extremely rich natural resources, the economy and convenience of their transport, which have also contributed to the rapid development of the maritime shipping industry. But at the same time, the pollution caused by marine accidents to the marine environment also increases, and the uncertainty of accidents and the mobility of sea water make the investment of pollution treatment increasing. Therefore, people pay attention to the development and utilization of the ocean at the same time. Dalian is a coastal city surrounded by the sea on three sides, mainly driven by tourism, shipbuilding, chemical industry and aquaculture. The Dagushan Chemical Wharf is located in the Dagushan Peninsula of Dalian Development Zone. Between Dalian Bay and Dayaowan Bay, water, land and air facilities are integrated and the location is superior. Ships transporting oil or chemicals frequently enter and leave the wharf. Increased the intensity of the wharf enterprises' efforts to prevent and control pollution. If oil spills or chemical spills occur, they will inevitably cause environmental pollution in the nearby sea areas, resulting in seawater quality, aquaculture, and fisheries. Seaside tourist spots and human health are all endangered. Through statistics of marine pollution accidents at home and abroad in recent years, the paper analyzes the hazards of oil spill accidents, chemical leakage accidents and fire and explosion accidents occurring at sea. Combined with the physical and chemical properties of the chemical cargo involved in the terminal and the characteristics of the marine environment near Dagushan, the risk assessment of the pollution caused by the possible pollution accidents in the ship transportation to the chemical wharf and the marine environment is carried out. The prediction calculation of pollutant drift was completed by establishing the oil spill drift model and chemical diffusion model. The results showed that the pollution accident caused to the sea treasure reserve of Sanshan Island and the southern Bangchui Island, near the sea area. The coastal tourist areas such as Fujiazhuang will have a serious impact. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible oil spill accidents in Dalian Dagushan Chemical Wharf. The risk assessment of marine environment pollution caused by chemical leakage accident and fire explosion accident was made, and the corresponding emergency countermeasures and feasibility suggestions were put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X82;X55

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