本文關鍵詞： 農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物 煤 混燒 污染物 HCl　出處：《華中科技大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物是重要的生物質(zhì)資源,由于它具有資源豐富和利用過程環(huán)境友好等特點受到了世界各國的廣泛關注。然而在目前的技術條件下農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物混煤燃燒是大規(guī)模利用農(nóng)業(yè)廢物的方法之一,農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物混煤燃燒不僅可以降低污染物的排放,并且可以高效的利用低熱值的農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物物,是一種高效且環(huán)保的獲取能源的方法。由于農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物混煤燃燒的現(xiàn)在技術條件限制和對燃燒特性認識的欠缺以及國內(nèi)沒有相關的扶植政策,使得混燃技術在中國并沒有普及。本文以此為背景,選用麥稈、玉米稈和稻殼三種典型的農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物,研究農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物混煤(無煙煤和褐煤)燃燒時的燃燒特性和污染物排放特性。使用德國NETZSCH公司的STA409C型熱重分析儀對農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物和煤樣單獨燃燒和混合燃燒時的燃燒特性進行了研究,考察了在不同混合比例和不同升溫速率下的混合物的燃燒特性。結果表明,當農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物摻混比為20%的時候混合物整體表現(xiàn)出煤樣的特性,當摻混比升高到50%的時候混合物整體表現(xiàn)出生物質(zhì)的特性。升溫速率的升高有利于混合物的燃燒。運用Coats-Redfern積分法求得動力學特性參數(shù),結果表明農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物揮發(fā)分燃燒階段所需的活化能明顯低于焦炭燃燒階段更低于煤燃燒所需的活化能,當農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物混煤燃燒時能明顯降低煤燃燒所需的活化能,提高煤的燃燒性能�？偟膩碚f農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物混煤燃燒能明顯提高煤的燃燒特性使用管式爐進行燃燒過程中污染物排放的實驗研究,主要針對SO2、NO和HCl這三種污染物進行了研究,實驗中對農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物和煤單獨燃燒時的污染物排放特性進行了研究并考察了不同摻混比和不同爐溫條件下的污染物排放特性。結果表明相對于煤單獨燃燒而言,農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物混煤燃燒能降低SO2和NO的排放,同時摻混比和爐溫變化時SO2和NO的排放特性也隨之變化,但是總體而言都能減少SO2和NO的排放。但是相對于煤單獨燃燒而言,農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物混煤燃燒時會增加HCl的排放,隨著摻混比的增加HCl的轉(zhuǎn)化率降低,但是都遠高于煤單獨燃燒時HCl的排放量。由于HCl的危害性極大,并且目前沒有成熟的技術減少HCl的排放,所以本文研究了添加劑對燃燒過程中HCl排放的影響。結果表明:石灰石和高嶺土都能減少燃燒過程中HCl的排放,但是石灰石的減排效果更好也更經(jīng)濟。
[Abstract]:Agricultural waste is an important biomass resource. Because of its rich resources and environmentally friendly utilization process, it has attracted wide attention from all over the world. However, under the present technical conditions, mixed coal combustion of agricultural waste is one of the methods for large-scale utilization of agricultural waste. The mixed coal combustion of agricultural waste can not only reduce the emission of pollutants, but also efficiently utilize the low calorific value of agricultural waste. It is an efficient and environmentally friendly way to obtain energy. Due to the current technical conditions of mixed coal combustion of agricultural waste, the lack of understanding of the combustion characteristics and the absence of relevant domestic support policies, In this paper, three typical agricultural wastes, wheat straw, corn stalk and rice husk, are selected. The combustion characteristics and pollutant emission characteristics of agricultural waste mixed coal (anthracite and lignite) were studied. Combustion of agricultural waste and coal samples by using STA409C thermogravimetric analyzer of NETZSCH, Germany. The burning characteristics were studied. The combustion characteristics of the mixture with different mixing ratios and different heating rates were investigated. The results showed that when the blending ratio of agricultural wastes was 20%, the whole mixture showed the characteristics of coal samples. When the blending ratio increases to 50%, the whole mixture exhibits the characteristics of biomass, and the increase of the heating rate is beneficial to the combustion of the mixture. The kinetic parameters are obtained by using the Coats-Redfern integral method. The results show that the activation energy required in the volatile combustion stage of agricultural waste is obviously lower than that in the coke combustion stage, and the activation energy required for coal combustion can be significantly reduced when agricultural waste is mixed with coal. Generally speaking, the combustion characteristics of agricultural waste mixed coal can obviously improve the combustion characteristics of coal. The experimental study on pollutant emission during combustion is carried out in tubular furnace, mainly for the three kinds of pollutants such as so _ 2O _ 2 no and HCl. In the experiment, the pollutant emission characteristics of agricultural waste and coal combustion alone were studied, and the pollutant emission characteristics under different mixing ratio and different furnace temperature were investigated. The results showed that compared with coal combustion alone, The combustion of mixed coal from agricultural waste can reduce the emission of SO2 and no, and the emission characteristics of SO2 and no also change with the change of blending ratio and furnace temperature, but in general, it can reduce the emission of SO2 and no, but compared with coal combustion alone, With the increase of blending ratio, the conversion rate of HCl will decrease, but it will be much higher than the amount of HCl in coal combustion alone. Because of the great harmfulness of HCl, And there is no mature technology to reduce the emission of HCl, so the effect of additives on HCl emission during combustion is studied. The results show that both limestone and kaolin can reduce the emission of HCl during combustion. But limestone cuts emissions better and more economically.
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ534;X71

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