本文關(guān)鍵詞： 顆粒物 分布特征 主要成分分析 健康風(fēng)險　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前,隨著我國經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展,城市人口不斷增加,城市化建設(shè)步伐的加速,機動車數(shù)量急劇增加,以煤炭石油為主的能源消耗量不斷攀升,顆粒物污染已經(jīng)成為全國各大中城市污染的首要問題,尤其對人體危害較大的持續(xù)性灰霾天氣的發(fā)生越來越頻繁,顆粒物污染已經(jīng)危及到了人民的日常生活。流行病學(xué)者研究發(fā)現(xiàn),顆粒物短期與長期暴露濃度與心血管疾病、呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病的發(fā)病與死亡幾率有很大的關(guān)系,大氣中污染物濃度達到有害的程度會破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)并對人身體的健康非常不利。越來越多的國內(nèi)外專家開始研究關(guān)注顆粒物污染的預(yù)防與治理,大氣顆粒物的污染問題已經(jīng)成為各國研究的前沿課題。鑒于當(dāng)前環(huán)境污染的嚴峻形勢,國家環(huán)境保護部于2011年11月在北京召開研討會,將環(huán)境空氣功能區(qū)劃分為三類功能區(qū)。并增加了PM25作為空氣污染物控制的常規(guī)項目。并且在附錄中增加了重金屬項目,鑒于空氣質(zhì)量評價因子較少并且無法真實的體現(xiàn)空氣的質(zhì)量的狀況,又增加了O3,評價因子由原來的三項變?yōu)?項。為全分析盤錦市空氣中顆粒污染物,按照城市功能的差異,在盤錦市選擇了三個檢測點位。通過研究此三個監(jiān)測點位顆粒物組成及濃度變化,由此判斷盤錦市環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量主要受細顆粒物類型、氣象條件以及大氣污染物長距離遷徙等因素影響,其中PM2.5的來源主要是汽車尾氣排放、工業(yè)廢氣、基建工地揚塵和煤炭燃燒�？諝庵械募氼w粒物尤其是PM25對人體的健康有很大的危害。本論文還進行了PM1 0和PM25成分監(jiān)測,對不同季節(jié)不同點位的顆粒物載帶的金屬元素和多環(huán)芳烴進行了分析。著重研究重金屬和有機污染物在PM10和PM25中重金屬的占比情況及貢獻。在對PMl o和PM2 s顆粒物載帶重金屬和多環(huán)芳烴的研究中,采用了單因子評價、富集因子評價、歸一化評價和多環(huán)芳烴等效毒性評價等多種評價方法,從不同方面對不同點位顆粒物污染進行了詳盡的分析。在研究顆粒物載帶多環(huán)芳烴時引入了毒性等效因子的概念,為進一步了解多環(huán)芳烴毒性,制定多環(huán)芳烴及苯并(a)芘的防治措施和標準規(guī)范提供了數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)和理論支持。最后本文根據(jù)多環(huán)芳烴的等效毒性對盤錦市的健康風(fēng)險做了初步的評測分析,為大氣污染防治及人群健康和環(huán)境管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:At present, with the rapid development of China's economy, the urban population is increasing, the pace of urbanization is accelerating, the number of motor vehicles is increasing sharply, and the energy consumption, which is dominated by coal and oil, is constantly rising. Particulate pollution has become the primary problem of pollution in large and medium-sized cities throughout the country, especially the occurrence of more and more persistent haze weather, which is more harmful to human beings. Particulate pollution has endangered people's daily lives. Epidemiologists have found that the concentration of particulate matter in short and long term exposure is closely related to cardiovascular disease, the incidence of respiratory diseases and the probability of death. The concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere is harmful to the ecosystem and to the health of human body. More and more experts at home and abroad have begun to study the prevention and control of particulate pollution. The pollution of atmospheric particulates has become a leading issue in various countries. In view of the severe situation of environmental pollution, the State Ministry of Environmental Protection held a seminar in Beijing on November 2011. The functional zoning of ambient air is divided into three types of functional areas. PM25 is added as a routine item for air pollutant control, and heavy metal items are added in the appendix. In view of the fact that the air quality assessment factors are less and can not truly reflect the air quality, O3 is added, and the evaluation factor is changed from the original three to seven. For the total analysis of particulate pollutants in the air of Panjin, according to the differences of urban functions, Three detection points were selected in Panjin City. By studying the composition and concentration change of particulate matter at these three monitoring points, it was concluded that the ambient air quality in Panjin City was mainly affected by fine particulate matter. The meteorological conditions and the long-range migration of atmospheric pollutants are affected by such factors as the main sources of PM2.5 are automobile exhaust gas, industrial exhaust gas, and so on. Dust and coal combustion in construction sites. Fine particles in the air, especially PM25, are harmful to human health. PM1 0 and PM25 components are also monitored in this paper. The metal elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the carrier zone of particulate matter at different sites in different seasons were analyzed. The proportion and contribution of heavy metals and organic pollutants in PM10 and PM25 were emphatically studied. The effects of metal elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on PMl o and PM2 s particles were studied. In the study of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Several evaluation methods, such as single factor evaluation, enrichment factor evaluation, normalized evaluation and equivalent toxicity evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were used. In order to understand the toxicity of PAHs, the concept of toxic equivalent factor was introduced in the study of PAHs. It provides data basis and theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzo (a) pyrene. Finally, according to the equivalent toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the health risk in Panjin city is evaluated and analyzed. It provides scientific basis for air pollution prevention and crowd health and environmental management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X513;X823

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