本文關鍵詞： 煉錫廢渣 錫 硫酸鈣晶須 回收 二氧化硅 硫酸鋇　出處：《江蘇理工學院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：煉錫廢渣是有色冶煉工藝電弧爐煉錫時產(chǎn)生的污染性廢渣。平均每生產(chǎn)1t錫,就附帶產(chǎn)生約1.5 t~2.5 t冶煉廢渣,這些冶煉廢渣中的有價金屬具有很大的回收價值。而由于回收步驟繁瑣,單一回收經(jīng)濟價值不高等因素,目前冶煉廢渣回收的研究在我國還未實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化。與此同時,大量的冶煉廢渣被作為建筑原料處理,填埋處理或者是堆放填埋處理等。大量的冶煉廢渣堆置,給水、土等一系列環(huán)境造成了污染,嚴重威脅著人類生存環(huán)境。從經(jīng)濟和資源角度考慮,綜合回收冶煉廢渣具有很大的意義。因此,本文開展了用煉錫廢渣制備金屬錫、硫酸鈣晶須、微米級硫酸鋇及納米二氧化硅的研究,以浙江某有色金屬企業(yè)電爐煉錫的爐渣為實驗原料,選用鹽酸作為浸取劑,利用鹽酸除雜能力強這一特點,用適量的鹽酸除去爐渣中的Si、Ca、Ba等有價組分,使爐渣中的錫組分在渣中富集,使得雜質(zhì)組分和錫組分分離。過濾后的濾液回收硫酸鈣晶須、納米二氧化硅、硫酸鋇等產(chǎn)品。濾渣用強酸進行濕法富集,獲得富含錫的液體。最終用活潑金屬分別進行進行除雜和置換沉淀,最終獲得金屬錫。在整個反應過程中實現(xiàn)了反應的閉路循環(huán),原料利用率高,變廢為寶。首先采用酸浸除雜工藝,以煉錫廢渣作為試驗原料,將原料和水配成懸浮溶液,控制反應液固比、反應溫度、攪拌速度等因素,調(diào)節(jié)鹽酸酸度,對煉錫廢渣進行酸浸反應。分別獲得富錫渣和除雜液。富錫渣中的錫含量由2%富集到14.96%。酸浸除雜反應最佳的工藝條件為:鹽酸酸度為6 mol/L、L/S為25:1、反應溫度40℃、攪拌速度為250 r/min。其次,用鹽酸浸出富錫渣,獲得含錫、銻的酸浸液。采用含金屬鋅、錫的混合廢料對酸浸液中的銻成分進行置換,確定了除銻的最佳工藝。除銻成分后的酸浸液,采用金屬鋅置換工藝回收錫,錫渣純度為97.35%。本文還對酸浸除雜工藝獲得的除雜液進行回收,獲得了微米級硫酸鋇、晶須硫酸鈣,納米二氧化硅。制備微米級硫酸鋇,最合適的工藝條件為:反應溫度為10~20℃、攪拌速度400 r/min、硫酸的濃度為40 wt%。晶須回收的最佳工藝流程為:反應溫度在60℃,加入濃度為50 wt%的硫酸,攪拌速度250 r/min的條件下,反應時間4 h,產(chǎn)生的晶須形貌最佳。將回收Ca、Ba組分的液體進行蒸發(fā)回收其中的鹽酸�；厥整}酸后的液體進行二氧化硅的回收,回收二氧化硅粉末的最佳工藝條件為:在聚乙二醇2000為表面活性劑,反應溫度為60~90℃,攪拌速度為400 r/min。
[Abstract]:Tin smelting waste slag is a kind of polluting waste slag produced by non-ferrous smelting process in arc furnace. On average, about 1.5 t / 2. 5 t of smelting slag is produced for every 1 t of tin produced. The valuable metals in these slag have great recovery value. However, because of the complicated recovery steps, the economic value of single recovery is not high. At present, the research of smelting waste residue recovery has not been industrialized in China. At the same time, a large number of smelting waste slag is treated as construction raw material, landfill treatment or heap landfill treatment, and a large number of smelting waste residue stacked. A series of environmental pollution, such as water supply, soil and so on, seriously threaten the human survival environment. From the economic and resource point of view, the comprehensive recovery of smelting waste is of great significance. In this paper, the preparation of metal tin, calcium sulfate whisker, micron barium sulfate and nanometer silica from tin smelting waste residue was carried out. The slag of electric furnace smelting tin from a non-ferrous metal enterprise in Zhejiang Province was used as the experimental raw material. By using hydrochloric acid as leaching agent and using hydrochloric acid as a strong impurity removal agent, the valuable components such as Si-CaPa-Ba in slag are removed with appropriate amount of hydrochloric acid, so that the tin component in slag can be enriched in slag. After filtration, calcium sulfate whisker, nano-silica, barium sulfate and other products are recovered. The filter residue is wet enriched with strong acid. Tin rich liquid was obtained. Finally active metal was used to remove impurity and replace precipitate and finally metal tin was obtained. The closed circuit of reaction was realized in the whole reaction process and the utilization rate of raw material was high. Firstly, acid leaching process was used to remove impurities, and the waste residue of tin smelting was used as the experimental raw material. The raw materials and water were mixed into suspension solution to control the reaction liquid-solid ratio, reaction temperature, stirring speed and other factors to adjust the acidity of hydrochloric acid. Tin rich residue and impurity removal solution were obtained by acid leaching reaction. The tin content in tin rich slag was enriched from 2% to 14.96. The optimum technological conditions for acid leaching were as follows: acidity of hydrochloric acid was 6. Mol/L. L / S is 25: 1, reaction temperature is 40 鈩，

本文編號：1490508