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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 公共健康 環(huán)境治理 地方政府 環(huán)境責(zé)任　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：生命健康權(quán)是人類享有的一項基本權(quán)利,環(huán)境質(zhì)量問題是關(guān)系人類健康的重要問題,保護人類賴以生存的環(huán)境和資源,是保障人類生命健康的必要前提,也是實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然要求。地方政府作為地方事務(wù)的管理者和服務(wù)者,對轄區(qū)內(nèi)的環(huán)境保護事務(wù)承擔(dān)著重要責(zé)任,其環(huán)境保護相關(guān)職責(zé)的落實情況直接關(guān)系到當?shù)丨h(huán)境質(zhì)量,其在地方環(huán)境保護和治理中發(fā)揮著主導(dǎo)作用。然而現(xiàn)實調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),由于受地方政府工作人員的職業(yè)道德素質(zhì)高低、當前我國財政稅收政策、環(huán)境保護相關(guān)法律法規(guī)以及我國監(jiān)督問責(zé)體系等因素的影響,地方政府在履行環(huán)保職能過程中存在許多不足。因此,加強地方政府環(huán)境保護職責(zé)的落實,保護環(huán)境從而保障公共健康,是目前我國地方政府應(yīng)該深入思考的重大問題。本文以健康保障為目標,分析地方政府的環(huán)境治理失責(zé)的表現(xiàn)和原因,并提出完善地方政府環(huán)境治理責(zé)任的對策。首先,分析了解公共健康與環(huán)境關(guān)系、公共健康與地方政府環(huán)境治理關(guān)系以及地方政府的環(huán)境責(zé)任。其次,通過深入研究我國“癌癥村”頻發(fā)現(xiàn)象,來反映我國公共健康惡化的嚴峻性,并探討導(dǎo)致公共健康惡化背后的環(huán)境污染原因。再次,從導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染嚴重的地方政府行為入手,研究分析地方政府在環(huán)境治理方面存在的問題,結(jié)合公共選擇理論和公共物品理論等分析地方政府在環(huán)保方面失職的原因。最后,在分析地方政府環(huán)保失職的問題及原因基礎(chǔ)上,對應(yīng)提出加強地方政府環(huán)保履職的對策建議。為了改善人類賴以生存的環(huán)境,保障公眾的健康與安全,地方政府必須切實有效的履行環(huán)境治理職責(zé),以實現(xiàn)環(huán)境保護與維護公眾健康。為此,必須從以下幾個方面加以改進：強化政府工作人員環(huán)保意識和環(huán)保能力；改革財政分權(quán)體制,建立公共財政體系；完善地方政府政績考核體系；完善環(huán)境立法；構(gòu)建環(huán)境責(zé)任問責(zé)機制,加強政府環(huán)境責(zé)任監(jiān)督。
[Abstract]:The right to life and health is a basic right enjoyed by human beings. Environmental quality is an important issue related to human health. Protecting the environment and resources on which human beings depend for survival is the necessary prerequisite for safeguarding human life and health. Local governments, as managers and service providers of local affairs, bear important responsibilities for environmental protection affairs within the jurisdiction. Its environmental protection related to the implementation of responsibilities directly related to local environmental quality, it plays a leading role in local environmental protection and governance. Due to the professional ethics of local government staff, the current fiscal and tax policies, environmental protection laws and regulations, and China's supervision and accountability system and other factors. Local governments have many deficiencies in the process of performing environmental protection functions. Therefore, strengthen the implementation of environmental protection responsibilities of local governments, protect the environment and thus protect public health. It is an important problem that our local government should think deeply at present. This article aims at health protection, and analyzes the performance and reason of the local government's environmental malfunction. And put forward the measures to improve the responsibility of local government environmental governance. First, analyze and understand the relationship between public health and environment, public health and local government environmental governance and local government environmental responsibility. Secondly. Through the in-depth study of "cancer village" frequent phenomenon, to reflect the seriousness of the deterioration of public health in China, and explore the causes of environmental pollution behind the deterioration of public health. Starting with the behaviors of local governments which lead to serious environmental pollution, this paper studies and analyzes the problems existing in environmental governance of local governments. Combined with the public choice theory and public goods theory to analyze the local government in environmental protection failure of the reasons. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the local government environmental problems and reasons. In order to improve the environment on which human beings depend and protect the health and safety of the public, the local government must effectively perform the responsibility of environmental governance. In order to realize environmental protection and maintain public health, we must improve from the following aspects: strengthen the environmental awareness and ability of government staff; Reform the fiscal decentralization system and establish the public finance system; Perfecting the performance assessment system of local government; Perfecting environmental legislation; Build accountability mechanism for environmental responsibility and strengthen supervision of government environmental responsibility.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D625;X321

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本文編號：1475876