本文關鍵詞： 渤海濱海帶 水質(zhì) 沉積物 重金屬 綜合水質(zhì)標識指數(shù)　出處：《青島理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：伴隨著環(huán)渤海經(jīng)濟不斷發(fā)展,整個渤海濱海地區(qū)環(huán)境壓力增大,生態(tài)環(huán)境也在不斷的惡化,為了掌握渤海陸域濱海帶的水環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況,分析其變化趨勢,識別生態(tài)環(huán)境現(xiàn)存的潛在生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,為濱海帶制定環(huán)境保護政策提供科學依據(jù),本研究選取濱海帶主要的入海河流和大型水庫包括海河干流、馬頰河無棣段、黃河濱州、東營段以及于橋水庫和峽山水庫,進行水環(huán)境和沉積物質(zhì)量調(diào)查和分析。對三條河流的分析結(jié)果顯示,海河、馬頰河、黃河三條入海河流在監(jiān)測期間的綜合水環(huán)境質(zhì)量基本達到當?shù)氐乃h(huán)境功能要求,三條河流中黃河水質(zhì)最好,馬頰河水質(zhì)最差,三條河流從上游到下游水環(huán)境質(zhì)量都有變差的趨勢。監(jiān)測時間段內(nèi)三條河流NH3-N濃度嚴重超標,尤其是海河和馬頰河的入海監(jiān)測段均嚴重超標為劣Ⅴ類水,海河和馬頰河污染較重的指標還有CODMn和TP。沉積物質(zhì)量狀況顯示,海河和馬頰河的沉積物粒度都以粉砂為主,黃河沉積物粒徑組成種類相對較雜;海河沉積物硫化物含量從上游到下游有上升趨勢,馬頰河和黃河均為下降趨勢;海河的沉積物TOC含量較高對水生生物會產(chǎn)生低影響,馬頰河和黃河基本無影響;三條河流的沉積物TP含量都較低基本不存在生態(tài)毒性效應,而TN含量相對要高,尤其是海河各監(jiān)測斷面含量基本都處在低級別的生態(tài)毒性效應內(nèi)。監(jiān)測期間海河沉積物監(jiān)測的7種重金屬都存在不同程度的污染,馬頰河中只有Ni、As、Cd出現(xiàn)污染,黃河只有As和Cd一直存在污染。三條河流的沉積物重金屬潛在生態(tài)風險都達到強級別,其中都是以Cd為主要風險貢獻因子。兩個水庫的綜合水質(zhì)在監(jiān)測期間出現(xiàn)超標情況,其中于橋水庫綜合水質(zhì)在5月超標,峽山水庫綜合水質(zhì)在8月超標;水庫TN、TP濃度一直處于超標狀態(tài),污染較重,CODMn存在輕度超標;雖然兩個水庫都處于中營養(yǎng)狀態(tài),但有富營養(yǎng)化的趨勢,水庫底層水質(zhì)差于表層水。水庫沉積物粒度都以粉砂所占百分比最大;沉積物TOC含量整體高于安全限值,會對水生生物產(chǎn)生低影響;水庫沉積物TP含量較低無生態(tài)毒性效應,TN含量較高能引起低級別生態(tài)毒性效應,于橋水庫TN、TP含量均值要高于峽山。水庫沉積物重金屬潛在生態(tài)風險程度都很強,其中都以Cd為主要風險貢獻因子,其它污染稍重的是As和Pb,呈偏中度污染。監(jiān)測結(jié)果顯示河流水庫營養(yǎng)鹽指標污染最重,這與監(jiān)測河段和水庫周圍分布有大量村莊和農(nóng)田,面源污染較多有很大關系,農(nóng)村污水的排放不集中或未經(jīng)處理直接就排入河道是污染的主要原因。而有機污染物指數(shù)相對較低,說明這些區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)污染的治理有一定成效。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the economy around the Bohai Sea, the environmental pressure in the coastal area of the whole Bohai Sea is increasing, and the ecological environment is also deteriorating. In order to understand the quality of the water environment in the coastal zone of the Bohai Sea, the trend of its change is analyzed. In order to identify the existing potential ecological environment problems and provide scientific basis for the coastal zone to formulate environmental protection policies, this study selected the main coastal zone rivers and large reservoirs, including the main Haihe River main stream. The water environment and sediment quality of Wudi section, Binzhou section and Dongying section of the Yellow River, Yuqiao Reservoir and Xiashan Reservoir were investigated and analyzed. The comprehensive water environment quality of the three rivers entering the sea of the Yellow River basically meets the local water environment function requirements during the monitoring period. Among the three rivers, the Yellow River has the best water quality, and the Majiu River has the worst water quality. The water environmental quality of three rivers has a trend of deterioration from upstream to downstream. The NH3-N concentration of three rivers exceeds the standard seriously in the monitoring period. Especially in the Haihe River and the Majiu River, the serious exceeding of the standard V is the main indicator of serious pollution in Haihe River and the Majiu River. The sediment quality of Haihe River and Majiu River is also indicated by CODMn and TP.Sedimentary quality status of Haihe River and Majiu River is very serious. The sediment granularity of Haihe River and Majiu River is mainly silt, and the composition of sediment particle size of Yellow River is relatively miscellaneous. The sulphide content in the sediments of Haihe River increased from upstream to downstream, and decreased in both the Majiu River and the Yellow River. The high TOC content in the sediments of Haihe River has a low effect on aquatic organisms, but there is no effect on the Majiu River and Yellow River. The TP content in the sediments of the three rivers was relatively low and there was no ecological toxicity effect, but the TN content was relatively high. In particular, the contents of each monitoring section of Haihe River are basically in the low ecotoxicity effect. During the monitoring period, 7 kinds of heavy metals in the sediment of Haihe River were polluted to varying degrees, and only NiOAs was found in the Majiu River. CD was polluted, only as and CD were polluted in Yellow River. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of three rivers reached a strong level. The combined water quality of the two reservoirs exceeded the standard during the monitoring period, in which the comprehensive water quality of Yuqiao reservoir exceeded the standard on May and the comprehensive water quality of Xiashan reservoir exceeded the standard on August. The concentration of TNT TP in the reservoir has been in the state of exceeding the standard, and the pollution of CODMn has been slightly exceeded. Although the two reservoirs are in the status of medium nutrition, there is a trend of eutrophication. The bottom water quality of the reservoir is worse than that of the surface water. The TOC content of sediment is higher than the safe limit, which will have a low effect on aquatic organisms. The lower TP content of reservoir sediment and the higher TN content can cause the low ecotoxicity effect, and the TN content in Yuqiao reservoir is not ecotoxic. The content of TP is higher than that of Xiashan. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in reservoir sediment is very strong, among which CD is the main risk contributor, and the other pollution is as and Pb. The monitoring results showed that the pollution of nutrient index of river reservoir was the most serious, which was related to the monitoring of a large number of villages and farmland around the river reach and reservoir, and the high level of non-point source pollution. The main reason of pollution is that the discharge of rural sewage is not concentrated or discharged directly without treatment, and the organic pollutant index is relatively low, which indicates that the treatment of industrial pollution in these areas has certain effect.
【學位授予單位】：青島理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52

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