本文關(guān)鍵詞： 復(fù)墾村莊 重金屬污染 潛在危害指數(shù) 生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)黃土高原煤炭基地范圍內(nèi),由于煤炭開(kāi)采帶來(lái)的災(zāi)害性問(wèn)題以及礦產(chǎn)資源被壓占等一系列原因,有大量村莊土地被或即將被廢棄,開(kāi)展村莊的土地復(fù)墾成為補(bǔ)充耕地、改善土壤環(huán)境的有效手段。而重金屬含量作為土壤質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)中的重要指標(biāo),對(duì)村莊土地復(fù)墾質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)與評(píng)價(jià)具有重要意義。通過(guò)明確復(fù)墾土壤中的重金屬污染情況,對(duì)改良復(fù)墾后耕地質(zhì)量和科學(xué)地提出復(fù)墾措施有非常重要的意義。本文選取西郜村為研究區(qū)域,基于潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法,對(duì)復(fù)墾村莊土壤中的重金屬含量進(jìn)行生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià),旨在綜合全面地反應(yīng)出土壤中重金屬污染的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度以及空間分布規(guī)律,為科學(xué)地提出復(fù)墾措施提供依據(jù)。本研究首先對(duì)研究區(qū)土壤的重金屬含量進(jìn)行采集及處理,并從土層深度、不同元素等多角度對(duì)比分析研究區(qū)土壤重金屬含量現(xiàn)狀。然后,采用生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法對(duì)研究區(qū)土壤重金屬含量進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),全面地分析不同土層土壤和主要污染因子的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度以及其空間分布規(guī)律。最后,分析土壤重金屬污染的污染來(lái)源以及生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)的影響因素,并提出在村莊復(fù)墾中可以采取的措施。通過(guò)以上研究,本文可得到的研究結(jié)論如下:(1)西郜村土壤重金屬綜合污染程度和潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)在總體上均處于中等程度。(2)從單個(gè)要素上來(lái)看,Hg元素?zé)o論是在污染程度還是生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)上均處于較高程度,應(yīng)該在村莊復(fù)墾過(guò)程中積極采取措施減輕其生態(tài)危害。(3)由于受到煤炭開(kāi)采、工業(yè)活動(dòng)的影響,西郜村土壤重金屬污染生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為中等程度的空間分布主要集中于村中90年以后宅基地和村莊東南角,而耕地及50年以前宅基地所受污染較輕。(4)0~20cm土層由于受到人為活動(dòng)的影響較大,在這一層重金屬綜合污染程度和生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)明顯高于20~40cm土層,并且生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為中等的分布范圍廣。(5)潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法在本文中的應(yīng)用可以綜合而全面地反映復(fù)墾村莊土壤中重金屬的綜合污染和和生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度,為提升復(fù)墾后耕地的質(zhì)量和采取合理復(fù)墾措施提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In the coal base of the Loess Plateau in China, a large number of village lands have been abandoned or will be abandoned due to the disastrous problems caused by coal mining and the pressure of mineral resources. Land reclamation in villages has become an effective means to supplement cultivated land and improve soil environment. Heavy metal content is an important index in soil quality evaluation. It is of great significance to monitor and evaluate the quality of land reclamation in villages. It is of great significance to improve the quality of cultivated land after reclamation and put forward the reclamation measures scientifically. This paper selects Xi Gao Village as the research area based on the potential ecological hazard index method. In order to comprehensively reflect the ecological risk degree and spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in soil, the ecological risk assessment of heavy metal content in reclaimed village soil was carried out. This study firstly collected and treated the heavy metal content of the soil in the study area, and from the depth of soil layer. The present situation of soil heavy metal content in the study area was analyzed from different elements and so on. Then, the ecological hazard index method was used to evaluate the soil heavy metal content in the study area. The ecological risk degree and spatial distribution of soil and main pollution factors in different soil layers were comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the pollution sources of soil heavy metal pollution and the influencing factors of ecological risk assessment were analyzed. And put forward the measures that can be taken in the village reclamation. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) the comprehensive pollution degree and potential ecological risk level of heavy metals in Xigao village are all in the middle level on the whole. The Hg element is in a high degree in both the pollution degree and the ecological risk grade. It is necessary to take active measures in the process of village reclamation to reduce its ecological harm. 3) due to coal mining. The influence of industrial activities, the ecological risk of soil heavy metal pollution in Xigao village was moderate in spatial distribution, which mainly concentrated on the homestead and southeast corner of the village after Yu Cun's middle 90 years. On the other hand, the soil layer of cultivated land and its homestead was slightly polluted 50 years ago because of the influence of human activities. The comprehensive pollution degree and ecological risk grade of heavy metals in this layer were obviously higher than that in 200-40cm soil layer. And the ecological risk grade is medium. The distribution range is wide. The application of potential ecological hazard index method in this paper can comprehensively and comprehensively reflect the comprehensive pollution and ecological risk of heavy metals in reclaimed village soil. To improve the quality of cultivated land after reclamation and to take reasonable reclamation measures to provide the basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X53;X825

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本文編號(hào)：1452020