本文關(guān)鍵詞： 輕質(zhì)原油 海洋微藻 細(xì)胞密度 溫度 光照 葉綠素　出處：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海洋是人類生存和發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),而海上溢油污染是影響海洋環(huán)境安全的主要問題,溢油污染對海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有極為嚴(yán)重的影響。海洋微藻是海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的低級生產(chǎn)者,為海洋供應(yīng)主要初級生產(chǎn)力,同時對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)循環(huán)與能量流動起著關(guān)鍵性作用。海洋微藻作為海洋環(huán)境中的主要浮游生物,其健康狀態(tài)和海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境息息相關(guān)。目前關(guān)于石油類對海洋微藻生長影響的研究已較為廣泛,其基本上圍繞著石油水溶解組分(WAF)的濃度變化展開研究,得出石油烴對浮游微藻生長“低促高抑”的現(xiàn)象[1],即低濃度促進(jìn)生長,高濃度抑制生長。在東海海域,各大油田開采均為輕質(zhì)原油,鑒于其極易揮發(fā)的特性,與之前的研究結(jié)果可能存在較大差異。所以,本文采用輕質(zhì)原油水溶解組分及輕質(zhì)原油進(jìn)行實驗,對東海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)、赤潮異彎藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)和中肋骨條藻(Skeletonema costatum)在不同溫度和光照下的生長速率及葉綠素a含量進(jìn)行實驗研究,初步認(rèn)識輕質(zhì)原油脅迫對微藻的毒性機(jī)制,這將在石油污染對海洋微藻生長影響方面,填補(bǔ)輕質(zhì)原油領(lǐng)域的空白,為海洋石油污染的應(yīng)急處置、損害賠償和綜合管理提供重要的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。1輕質(zhì)原油WAF對三種海洋微藻生長及葉綠素的影響(1)輕質(zhì)原油WAF對微藻的生長具有顯著的抑制作用,低濃度(0.73 mg·dm-3)時輕質(zhì)原油WAF對微藻生長的影響相對較小,與對照組相比作用不明顯,而輕質(zhì)原油WAF濃度較高時對三種微藻的生長具有顯著的抑制作用,相同時間內(nèi)輕質(zhì)原油WAF濃度越高抑制作用越強(qiáng)。(2)依據(jù)三種微藻的輕質(zhì)原油脅迫96-h EC50可知,三種海洋微藻對輕質(zhì)原油WAF的毒性敏感性大小順序為:東海原甲藻中肋骨條藻赤潮異彎藻。(3)輕質(zhì)原油WAF對三種微藻的葉綠素a含量均有不同程度抑制作用。赤潮異彎藻敏感性略高于東海原甲藻和中肋骨條藻。(4)溫度是影響微藻生長和輕質(zhì)原油WAF毒性效應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵性因素。溫度升高,三種微藻的細(xì)胞密度和葉綠素含量同步上升,但不同輕質(zhì)原油WAF濃度間的差異性也越加明顯。(5)光照強(qiáng)度對微藻生長和葉綠素含量也有顯著影響。在實驗范圍內(nèi),光照越強(qiáng)微藻生長越快,葉綠素a含量越高,但相應(yīng)的石油烴毒性脅迫越明顯。2輕質(zhì)原油對三種海洋微藻生長及葉綠素的影響(1)輕質(zhì)原油具有高揮發(fā)性特征。本實驗相比輕質(zhì)原油WAF實驗,微藻對輕質(zhì)原油初始濃度耐受性提高了10倍之多。(2)輕質(zhì)原油對微藻生長有一定抑制作用。因輕質(zhì)原油的高揮發(fā)性,輕質(zhì)原油脅迫下對微藻生長的抑制作用并不明顯,各組基本能恢復(fù)正常生長。(3)依據(jù)三種微藻的輕質(zhì)原油脅迫96-h EC50可知,三種海洋微藻對輕質(zhì)原油的毒性敏感性大小順序為:東海原甲藻中肋骨條藻赤潮異彎藻。(4)通過對照不同輕質(zhì)原油濃度下三種微藻的葉綠素a含量變化得出,赤潮異彎藻較為敏感,。隨著輕質(zhì)原油濃度提高,三種海洋微藻葉綠素a含量均明顯減少,處理組和對照組之間的差異性顯著增強(qiáng)。(5)溫度是影響本實驗的關(guān)鍵性因素,隨著溫度升高,三種微藻的細(xì)胞密度和葉綠素含量同步上升,輕質(zhì)原油不同濃度對微藻的影響作用越顯著。(6)光照強(qiáng)度也是影響實驗中微藻生長和葉綠素含量的重要因素,在實驗范圍內(nèi),光照越強(qiáng)微藻生長越快,葉綠素a含量越高,但相應(yīng)的石油烴毒性脅迫越明顯。3動態(tài)加油對三種海洋微藻生長及葉綠素的影響(1)本實驗為持續(xù)加油實驗(分別間隔6 h、12 h和24 h),輕質(zhì)原油揮發(fā)后,間斷加油的操作直接導(dǎo)致輕質(zhì)原油脅迫效應(yīng)的持續(xù)和增大,有一定模擬持續(xù)溢油的效果。(2)實驗結(jié)果顯示,低濃度(10 mg·dm-3)時輕質(zhì)原油對微藻生長的抑制作用相對較小,與對照組相比作用不顯著,而輕質(zhì)原油濃度較高時對三種微藻的生長均表現(xiàn)出顯著的抑制作用,相同時間內(nèi)輕質(zhì)原油濃度越高抑制作用越顯著。加油頻率也是影響輕質(zhì)原油抑制作用的重要因素,頻率越高抑制作用越明顯。(3)依據(jù)三種微藻的輕質(zhì)原油脅迫96-h EC50可知,三種海洋微藻對輕質(zhì)原油的毒性敏感性大小順序為:東海原甲藻中肋骨條藻赤潮異彎藻,加油頻率對微藻抑制作用大小順序為:6 h12 h24 h。(4)輕質(zhì)原油脅迫降低微藻葉綠素含量,加油頻率越高影響越大。隨著輕質(zhì)原油濃度提高,三種海洋微藻葉綠素a含量均明顯減少,處理組和對照組之間的差異性顯著增強(qiáng)。(5)溫度是影響本實驗的關(guān)鍵性因素,隨著溫度升高,三種微藻的細(xì)胞密度和葉綠素含量同步上升,不同輕質(zhì)原油濃度間的差異性顯著增強(qiáng)。(6)光照強(qiáng)度也是影響實驗中微藻生長和葉綠素含量的重要因素,在實驗范圍內(nèi),光照越強(qiáng)微藻生長越快,葉綠素a含量越高,但相應(yīng)的石油烴毒性脅迫越明顯。
[Abstract]:The ocean is an important material basis for human survival and development, and the pollution of oil spill is the major problems affecting the security of the marine environment, the oil spill pollution is an extremely serious impact on marine ecosystems. Marine microalgae are low-level producers in the marine ecosystem, the main supply for ocean primary productivity, and plays a key role in material cycling and energy flow of ecosystem. Marine microalgae as the main plankton in the marine environment, the marine ecological environment and health are closely related. The current research on the impact of oil on the growth of marine microalgae has been widely, which basically revolves around the oil water dissolved component (WAF) on the concentration of oil, the the growth of hydrocarbon "low promotion and high suppression" phenomenon of [1] is low concentration of planktonic microalgae, promote growth, high concentration inhibited the growth. In the East China Sea, each big oilfield are Light crude oil, due to its highly volatile characteristics, from the previous research results may be quite different. So, this paper uses light crude oil water dissolved fractions and light crude experiments of dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum donghaiense), heterosigmaakashiwo (Heterosigma akashiwo) and Skeletonema costatum (Skeletonema costatum) experimental studies were carried out at different temperature and light growth rate and chlorophyll a content, preliminary understanding of light crude oil stress toxicity mechanism of microalgae, which will be of oil pollution on marine microalgae growth effect, fill gaps in light oil field, emergency disposal for marine oil pollution, and provides an important basis and technical data support.1 light crude oil WAF on three marine microalgae growth and chlorophyll damages and integrated management (1) has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of microalgae WAF light crude oil, Low concentration (0.73 mg dm-3) when the light crude oil WAF effect on microalgae growth is relatively small, compared with the control group had no effect, but higher concentrations of WAF light crude oil of three microalgae growth has significant inhibitory effect on the same time, light crude oil, the higher concentration of WAF inhibited by the stronger (2. On the basis of the three species of microalgae) light crude 96-h EC50 stress showed that three species of marine microalgae to light crude WAF toxicity sensitivity order of algae heterosigmaakashiwo Prorocentrum. (3) inhibition of light crude oil WAF on three microalgae chlorophyll a content had different degrees of Heterosigma. The sensitivity is slightly higher than that of algae Prorocentrum and Skeletonema costatum. (4) the temperature is a key factor affecting the growth of microalgae and light crude oil. The toxic effect of WAF temperature, cell density and chlorophyll content of three microalgae increased, but different light The difference between the concentration of WAF crude oil has become increasingly obvious. (5) the light intensity had significant effects on the growth and chlorophyll content in microalgae. In the experimental range, the stronger light microalgae grow faster, the chlorophyll content of a is higher, but the toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon corresponding stress more obvious effects on three kinds of.2 light crude oil marine microalgae growth and chlorophyll (1) light crude oil with high volatile characteristics. This experiment compared light crude WAF experiment, initial concentration of microalgae to light crude oil resistance increased by 10 times. (2) the light crude oil has certain inhibitory effect on the growth of microalgae. Because of the high volatile light crude oil, light oil under stress inhibition of microalgae growth is not obvious, the basic can return to normal growth. (3) on the basis of the three species of microalgae light crude oil stress 96-h EC50 shows that three species of marine microalgae to light crude oil toxicity sensitivity order of Prorocentrum Algae heterosigmaakashiwo algae. (4) through the change of chlorophyll a content of three species of microalgae under different concentration of control light crude oil that heterosigmaakashiwo is more sensitive to light crude oil. With the increasing concentration of three marine microalgae chlorophyll a content decreased, the difference between the treatment group and control group increased. (5) the temperature is a key factor affecting the experiment, with the increase of temperature, the cell density and chlorophyll content of three microalgae increased, light crude oil of different concentration effect on microalgae is more significant. (6) the light intensity is an important factor affecting the growth of algae and the chlorophyll content in the experiment. In the experimental range, the stronger light microalgae grow faster, the chlorophyll content of a is higher, but the toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon gas dynamic.3 stress more obvious influence on the three kinds of marine microalgae growth and chlorophyll (1) in this experiment for refueling The experiment (the spacing of 6 h, 12 h and 24 h), light crude oil, volatile, intermittent gas operations directly lead to light crude oil stress effect and continuous increase, some simulation continued to spill oil effect. (2) the experimental results show that the low concentration (10 mg dm-3) when the inhibition of light crude oil the growth of microalgae is relatively small, compared with the control group had no significant effect, while the light crude oil concentration was higher in three microalgae growth showed significant inhibitory effect, the same time the higher the concentration of light crude oil inhibitory effect is more significant. An important factor is the impact of light crude oil gas frequency effect, the higher the frequency of inhibition more obvious. (3) on the basis of the three species of microalgae light crude oil stress 96-h EC50 shows that three species of marine microalgae to light crude oil toxicity sensitivity order of algae heterosigmaakashiwo p.donghaiense, gas frequency on the suppression of microalgae Made of the order of 6 H12 H24 h. (4) light crude oil stress decreased the chlorophyll content of microalgae, the higher the frequency the greater the effect of gas. With the light crude oil concentration increased, the chlorophyll a content of three species of marine microalgae were significantly reduced, the difference between the treatment group and the control group was significantly increased (5) temperature is. The key factors of the experiment, with the increase of temperature, the cell density and chlorophyll content of three microalgae increased, the difference between the different light crude oil concentration increased significantly. (6) were important factors of light intensity but also affect the microalgae growth and chlorophyll in the experiment, in the experimental range, the stronger the light of microalgae the faster the growth, chlorophyll a content is high, but the toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon corresponding stress is more obvious.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X55

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本文編號：1451400