本文關(guān)鍵詞： “十三五” 環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制 形勢 目標(biāo)　出處：《中國人口·資源與環(huán)境》2016年11期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：本文構(gòu)建了包括監(jiān)管的立法、組織體系、監(jiān)管權(quán)力配置、監(jiān)管工具與程序、問責(zé)機(jī)制、監(jiān)管能力等要素在內(nèi)的環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制分析框架,從污染物排放趨勢、國家制度建設(shè)等角度分析了"十三五"時期中國環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制改革面臨的挑戰(zhàn)、目標(biāo)和思路。"十三五"時期是中國生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的重要時期,完善環(huán)境監(jiān)管制度是推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明制度體系建設(shè)的重要內(nèi)容。面對嚴(yán)重環(huán)境污染所帶來的挑戰(zhàn),在此期間加快環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制改革、提高環(huán)境監(jiān)管有效性是切實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)治污減排的根本保證。完善環(huán)境監(jiān)管體系、改進(jìn)監(jiān)管方式、創(chuàng)新監(jiān)管手段是建立治污減排長效機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)和前提,也是完善環(huán)境治理體系的重要內(nèi)容。按照市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下政府依法行政的要求,中國環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制改革的目標(biāo),就是要按照合法性、獨(dú)立性、透明性、可問責(zé)性、專業(yè)性和執(zhí)法能力、可信性等原則建立和完善現(xiàn)代環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制,為此必須從專門立法、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、權(quán)力分配、問責(zé)機(jī)制、監(jiān)管程序與工具、監(jiān)管能力建設(shè)等各方面推進(jìn)改革。本文提出了"十三五"時期環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制改革的思路及若干建議,主要包括:加快修訂環(huán)保法律法規(guī),提高法律的可操作性,推進(jìn)環(huán)境司法常態(tài)化、規(guī)范化和專門化,進(jìn)一步提升環(huán)境監(jiān)管法治化水平;從縱向、橫向上優(yōu)化環(huán)境監(jiān)管組織結(jié)構(gòu),強(qiáng)化區(qū)域?qū)蛹壍谋O(jiān)管與督查功能,強(qiáng)化中央層級環(huán)境監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)對環(huán)境信息的獲取能力;優(yōu)化環(huán)境保護(hù)主管部門機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置以及相關(guān)職能,建立并完善內(nèi)部機(jī)構(gòu)的協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制;完善環(huán)境監(jiān)管的內(nèi)外部問責(zé)機(jī)制,把做實(shí)對監(jiān)管者的監(jiān)管機(jī)制作為優(yōu)化環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制的抓手;強(qiáng)化對監(jiān)管工具的頂層設(shè)計,做實(shí)監(jiān)管程序中關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),建立環(huán)境監(jiān)管影響評估制度;加強(qiáng)環(huán)境監(jiān)管能力建設(shè),推進(jìn)環(huán)境監(jiān)管制度隊伍職業(yè)化發(fā)展,保障各級環(huán)境監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)具有充分履職的能力。環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制的改革和完善,是國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化的重要內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:This paper constructs an analytical framework of environmental regulatory system, including regulatory legislation, organizational system, regulatory power allocation, regulatory tools and procedures, accountability mechanism, regulatory capacity and other elements, from pollutant emission trends. This paper analyzes the challenges, objectives and ideas of the reform of China's environmental supervision system during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, which is an important period for the construction of China's ecological civilization. Perfecting the system of environmental supervision is an important content to promote the construction of ecological civilization system. In the face of the challenge of serious environmental pollution, the reform of environmental supervision system will be accelerated during this period. Improving the effectiveness of environmental regulation is the fundamental guarantee to effectively achieve pollution control and emission reduction. Improving the environmental regulatory system, improving regulatory methods and innovative regulatory means are the basis and premise of establishing a long-term mechanism of pollution control and emission reduction. It is also an important content of perfecting the environmental governance system. According to the requirements of the government administration according to the law under the market economy, the goal of the reform of China's environmental supervision system is to follow the legality, independence and transparency. The principles of accountability, professionalism, law enforcement ability, credibility and so on establish and perfect the modern environmental regulatory system. For this reason, it is necessary to establish and perfect the modern environmental regulatory system from the aspects of special legislation, organizational structure, power distribution, accountability mechanism, regulatory procedures and tools. This paper puts forward the ideas and some suggestions of environmental supervision system reform in the 13th Five-Year Plan period, including: speeding up the revision of environmental protection laws and regulations, and improving the operability of laws. Promote the normalization of environmental justice, standardization and specialization, and further improve the level of environmental regulation by law; The organization structure of environmental supervision should be optimized vertically and horizontally, the function of supervision and supervision at regional level should be strengthened, and the ability of obtaining environmental information should be strengthened. Optimize the establishment of environmental protection departments and related functions, establish and improve the coordination mechanism of internal institutions; Perfecting the internal and external accountability mechanism of environmental supervision and taking the supervision mechanism to the regulators as the grasp to optimize the environmental supervision system; Strengthen the top-level design of regulatory tools, make sure of the key links in the regulatory procedures, and establish an environmental regulatory impact assessment system; We will strengthen the building of environmental regulatory capacity, promote the professionalization of the environmental regulatory system, and ensure that environmental regulatory bodies at all levels have the ability to fully perform their duties, and the reform and improvement of the environmental regulatory system. Is the country governs the system and the governance ability modernization the important content.
【作者單位】： 國務(wù)院發(fā)展研究中心資源與環(huán)境政策研究所;
【基金】：國務(wù)院發(fā)展研究中心2014年度重點(diǎn)課題“新時期中國環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制研究” 國務(wù)院發(fā)展研究中心基礎(chǔ)研究課題“國家治理體系與國家治理現(xiàn)代化”
【分類號】：X321
【正文快照】： 政府環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制在環(huán)境治理體系中處于基礎(chǔ)和核心地位,有效的環(huán)境監(jiān)管是良好環(huán)境治理的基礎(chǔ)。監(jiān)管有效性不足是中國環(huán)境監(jiān)管失靈的重要原因。從治污減排的歷史進(jìn)程和生態(tài)文明制度建設(shè)的角度,“十三五”時期中國環(huán)境監(jiān)管體制改革面臨新的形勢,進(jìn)入重要的調(diào)整階段�！笆濉�，

本文編號：1445366