本文關(guān)鍵詞： 苯酚 2 4 6-三氯酚 吡啶 生物降解 紫外光解　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的快速發(fā)展,許多污染物的大量排放到自然水體,導(dǎo)致地表水甚至地下水受到了嚴(yán)重污染。其中尤其引起人們關(guān)注的是一些難以生物降解的有機污染物存在于自然水體中。對于一般的污染物,生物處理方法是人們首選的方法,因為生物處理技術(shù)的最突出優(yōu)點就是經(jīng)濟可行,且可以易于應(yīng)用于實際。但是對難降解有機廢水的處理,單純采用單一的生物方法處理時,生物處理方法有時難以體現(xiàn)出其優(yōu)越性。因為大部分難降解有機污染物對微生物均有一定的生物抑制性,有些甚至還有生物毒性。本文以工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中常見的有機物,苯酚,2,4,6-三氯酚(TCP)和吡啶為研究對象。它們的供體特點是都是以苯環(huán)為基本結(jié)構(gòu)的有機污染物。通過對這幾種難降解有機污染物的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)這3種污染物均為光敏性物質(zhì),在紫外光解后,它們會生成一定的中間產(chǎn)物,同時有機酸成為內(nèi)源電子供體,可以加速難降解有機污染物的生物降解。首先對苯酚進行紫外光解,在紫外光解過程中,苯酚首先會分別形成對苯二酚和鄰苯二酚,同時生成少量的有機酸。在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了苯酚的紫外光解途徑,隨后對相關(guān)紫外光解中間產(chǎn)物的生成規(guī)律進行質(zhì)量平衡計算。結(jié)果證實了苯酚的光解途徑。在隨后的生物降解過程中,以未經(jīng)過紫外光解的樣品為基準(zhǔn),比較了經(jīng)過紫外光解之后,苯酚生物降解速率提高了39%。其次,對TCP先進行了紫外光解研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)TCP在紫外光解過程中,鄰位(6號位)的氯離子優(yōu)先脫落,生成2,4-二氯酚。隨后再進一步脫氯生成4-氯酚。與此同時,6號位上加入一個羥基生成3,5-二氯鄰苯二酚(3,5-DCC)。該紫外光解途徑經(jīng)過對氯(Cl)離子和碳(C)離子的質(zhì)量衡算得以確認(rèn)。隨后對TCP進行生物降解,結(jié)果表明,TCP生物降解時,經(jīng)過紫外光解預(yù)處理后的TCP溶液,其可生化性明顯要優(yōu)于未經(jīng)過紫外光解預(yù)處理過的TCP溶液。這是由于經(jīng)過紫外光解之后的TCP對微生物的抑制性得到緩解。最后對吡啶進行紫外光解研究,結(jié)果表明,吡啶經(jīng)過紫外光解之后,也同樣會生成一定的中間產(chǎn)物,如羥基吡啶,尤其是生成的有機羧酸,如丁二酸和甲酸。經(jīng)過對吡啶中間產(chǎn)物進行質(zhì)量平衡,并以此驗證推測出的吡啶生物紫外光解途徑。對經(jīng)過紫外光解的吡啶溶液再進行生物降解研究,結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過紫外光解之后的吡啶溶液,其可生化性要明顯優(yōu)于未經(jīng)過紫外光解的吡啶,其生物降解速率提高了20%至40%。總之,對于苯酚、氯酚和吡啶三種難降解有機物,經(jīng)過紫外光解進行預(yù)處理后,它們的生物降解速率都有明顯提高。該研究成果可以為類似的工業(yè)廢水的實際處理提供理論依據(jù)和實踐基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrial production, a large number of pollutants are discharged into the natural water body. As a result, surface water and even groundwater are seriously polluted. Among them, some organic pollutants, which are difficult to biodegrade, exist in natural water bodies. Biological treatment is the preferred method, because the most prominent advantage of biological treatment technology is that it is economical and feasible, and can be easily applied in practice, but the treatment of refractory organic wastewater. The biological treatment method is difficult to reflect its superiority when it is only treated by a single biological method, because most of the refractory organic pollutants have certain biological inhibition to microorganisms. Some even have biological toxicity. In this paper, the common organic matter in industrial production, Phenol 2, 4. 6-trichlorophenol (TCPP) and pyridine were studied. Their donor characteristics were all organic pollutants with benzene ring as the basic structure. It was found that the three pollutants were Guang Min, and after UV photolysis, they would produce a certain intermediate product, and organic acid would become an endogenous electron donor. It can accelerate the biodegradation of refractory organic pollutants. Firstly, phenol is hydrolyzed by ultraviolet light. In the process of UV photolysis, phenol first forms hydroquinone and catechol, respectively. At the same time, a small amount of organic acid was formed. On the basis of this, the UV photodissociation pathway of phenol was proposed. The mass balance of the intermediate products was calculated. The results confirmed the photolysis pathway of phenol. In the subsequent biodegradation process, the samples without UV photolysis were used as the reference. The biodegradation rate of phenol was increased by 39% after UV photolysis. Secondly, the UV photolysis of TCP was carried out, and it was found that TCP was in the process of UV photolysis. The chlorine ions at the ortho (position 6) preferential shedding to produce 2o 4-dichlorophenol, followed by further dechlorination to produce 4-chlorophenol. At the same time, a hydroxyl group was added to the 6 site to form 3. 5-dichloro-catechol 3 ~ (5) DCCs. The UV photolysis pathway was confirmed by mass balance of chloro-chloro-Cl and C) ions. Subsequently, TCP was biodegraded and the results showed that. During the biodegradation of TCP, the TCP solution was pretreated by UV photolysis. Its biodegradability is obviously superior to that of TCP solution without UV photolysis. This is due to the abatement of the inhibition of microorganism by TCP after UV photolysis. Finally, the UV photolysis of pyridine was carried out. . The results show that pyridine also produces some intermediate products, such as hydroxy pyridine, especially organic carboxylic acid, after UV photolysis. For example, succinic acid and formic acid. Through the mass equilibrium of pyridine intermediate product, and verify the deduced pathway of pyridine biodegradation, the pyridine solution after UV photolysis was biodegradable. The results showed that the biodegradability of pyridine solution after UV photolysis was obviously better than that of pyridine solution without UV photolysis, and the biodegradation rate of pyridine solution was increased by 20% to 400.In short, for phenol. Chlorophenol and pyridine are three kinds of refractory organics, which are pretreated by UV photolysis. The results of this study can provide theoretical and practical basis for the practical treatment of similar industrial wastewater.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X703

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