本文關(guān)鍵詞：西安市城區(qū)干濕沉降中持久性有機物特征及其相關(guān)性研究　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 干、濕沉降 持久性有機物 沉降通量

【摘要】：干、濕沉降是空氣中持久性有機物去除的主要途徑,也是地表環(huán)境中持久性有機物的主要來源。通過這一過程,完成了持久性有機污染物由大氣向地表或水體的傳輸,是決定持久性有機污染物環(huán)境命運和人體暴露的重要因素。所以研究大氣干、濕沉降中持久性有機物對保護(hù)環(huán)境和減少環(huán)境污染有著重要的意義。為了確定大氣干濕沉降中持久性有機污染物的主要特征及干、濕沉降對大氣中污染物去除的相對貢獻(xiàn),本研究選擇西安市城區(qū)為研究對象,在東、西、南、北各區(qū)域的一環(huán)路和二環(huán)路共設(shè)11個采樣點,采集了302個大氣干、濕沉降樣品。降雨樣品經(jīng)過液液萃取,降塵樣品經(jīng)過超聲萃取,采用氣相色譜法測定了36種持久性污染物的含量,它們分別為8種有機氯農(nóng)藥,12種多氯聯(lián)苯和16種多環(huán)芳烴。通過計算沉降通量,得到不同采樣點污染物的分布;并將采樣點分為五個不同功能區(qū),分析了不同功能區(qū)和不同環(huán)境介質(zhì)中污染物的特征;此外,利用相關(guān)性分析污染物含量和TOC、累計晴天數(shù)之間的相關(guān)性,并對西安市城區(qū)大氣干濕沉降中POPs進(jìn)行了生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價。結(jié)果表明:所測污染物中,16種多環(huán)芳烴和8種有機氯農(nóng)藥檢出率均為100%,12種多氯聯(lián)苯中,PCB157未檢出,PCB123和PCB118檢出率分別為97.4%和92.5%,其他9種檢出率均為100%;就不同功能區(qū)而言,工業(yè)區(qū)交通要道區(qū)校園商業(yè)區(qū)居民區(qū),交通要道和工業(yè)區(qū)污染物含量較多;就POPs的空間分布而言,南郊北郊東郊西郊,可以得到大氣中POPs主要由燃油污染貢獻(xiàn);就POPs的存在特征而言,降雨降塵徑流,得到濕沉降是大氣環(huán)境中POPs的主要排除方式;將大氣干濕沉降的兩個影響因素晴天累積天數(shù)和TOC經(jīng)過SPSS軟件進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,得到r0.7,P0.01,即它們都是大氣中POPs干濕沉降的主要影響因素;采用效應(yīng)區(qū)間法,對所測污染物進(jìn)行生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價,得到西安市大氣沉降中POPs污染嚴(yán)重,污染最嚴(yán)重的是多氯聯(lián)苯其次是有機氯農(nóng)藥污染和多環(huán)芳烴。
[Abstract]:Dry and wet deposition is the main way to remove persistent organic matter in air and the main source of persistent organic matter in surface environment. The transport of persistent organic pollutants from the atmosphere to the surface or water is an important factor that determines the fate of the environment and human body exposure. Persistent organic matter (pops) in wet deposition plays an important role in protecting environment and reducing environmental pollution. In order to determine the main characteristics and dryness of persistent organic pollutants in dry and wet deposition of atmosphere. The relative contribution of wet deposition to the removal of pollutants in the atmosphere, this study selected Xi'an urban area as the research object, and set up 11 sampling points in the first ring road and the second ring road in the east, west, south and north. 302 samples of dry and wet deposition were collected. The contents of 36 kinds of persistent pollutants were determined by gas chromatography after precipitation samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction, dust samples were extracted by ultrasonic extraction. They are 8 organochlorine pesticides, 12 kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls and 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The sampling points were divided into five different functional areas, and the characteristics of pollutants in different functional areas and environmental media were analyzed. In addition, the correlation between pollutant content and TOCand the total number of sunny days was analyzed by correlation analysis. Ecological risk assessment of POPs in dry and wet deposition of air in Xi'an city was carried out. The results showed that the detection rate of 16 kinds of PAHs and 8 kinds of organochlorine pesticides were 100%. The positive rates of PCB123 and PCB118 were 97.4% and 92.5 in 12 PCB157, respectively, while the other 9 were 100. In terms of different functional areas, the content of pollutants in the main traffic roads and industrial areas of the industrial area is more than that of the residential area of the campus commercial district. As far as the spatial distribution of POPs is concerned, the POPs in the air is mainly contributed by fuel pollution in the eastern and western suburbs of the northern and southern suburbs. In terms of the existence characteristics of POPs, precipitation and dust-fall runoff and wet deposition are the main ways of eliminating POPs in atmospheric environment. Through the correlation analysis of the two influencing factors of dry and wet deposition, the accumulated days of clear days and TOC through SPSS software, we got the result of r0.7g / P0.01. That is, they are the main influencing factors of dry and wet deposition of POPs in the atmosphere. By using the effect interval method, the ecological risk assessment of the pollutants was carried out. The results showed that the pollution of POPs in Xi'an atmospheric deposition was serious, and the most serious pollution was PCBs, followed by organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X51;X131.1

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