本文關(guān)鍵詞：砷鎘超標(biāo)農(nóng)田鈍化劑的篩選及調(diào)控效應(yīng)研究　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 土壤 砷 鎘 生物炭(改性) 生物有效性

【摘要】：近年來(lái),土地重金屬污染問(wèn)題已成為當(dāng)今土壤污染問(wèn)題中污染面積較廣、危害嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問(wèn)題之一�；瘜W(xué)鈍化修復(fù)技術(shù)作為一項(xiàng)行之有效的土壤重金屬污染修復(fù)技術(shù),由于簡(jiǎn)單、快捷和經(jīng)濟(jì)高效等特點(diǎn)受到廣泛關(guān)注,尋找高效的鈍化材料及生產(chǎn)性能良好的鈍化劑成為該技術(shù)的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。在此方面,以往的研究多集中于針對(duì)單一重金屬的鈍化劑研究,我國(guó)土壤重金屬污染多表現(xiàn)為復(fù)合污染,尤其以砷鎘復(fù)合超標(biāo)問(wèn)題突出,對(duì)砷鎘超標(biāo)農(nóng)田的鈍化修復(fù)與安全利用,成為當(dāng)今農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境學(xué)科面臨的突出問(wèn)題。本文以砷鎘超標(biāo)農(nóng)田為主要研究對(duì)象,篩選和制備出了多種對(duì)砷鎘具有良好的吸附性能的功能性材料,并以土壤培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)和盆栽試驗(yàn)為手段,探討各材料對(duì)土壤中砷鎘的鈍化效果,明確不同材料對(duì)砷鎘超標(biāo)農(nóng)田的調(diào)控效應(yīng),初步建立砷鎘高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)農(nóng)田的安全利用模式,為砷鎘超標(biāo)農(nóng)田安全生產(chǎn)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。全文主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.通過(guò)比較不同材料對(duì)溶液中As(V)和Cd的吸附能力,當(dāng)溶液中As(V)濃度為10mg?L-1時(shí),研究發(fā)現(xiàn)零價(jià)鐵、鐵改性生物炭,酸改赤泥、鐵改性炭黑對(duì)砷的吸附能力較強(qiáng),對(duì)As(V)的去除率在70%以上,其它材料如赤泥、膨潤(rùn)土、天然沸石等的吸附能力較低;對(duì)Cd而言,在p H值為5.5條件下,Cd濃度為5mg?L-1的溶液中,除了濃酸改性赤泥和膨潤(rùn)土吸附能力較弱之外,其余材料如零價(jià)鐵、生物炭及改性生物炭等對(duì)水溶液Cd的去除率也均在70%以上�？傮w而言,鐵改性生物炭、零價(jià)鐵等對(duì)Cd和As(V)均具有良好吸附性能。2.不同類(lèi)型生物炭及其鐵改性材料對(duì)砷鎘吸附試驗(yàn)的研究表明,其吸附過(guò)程能很好地符合吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)準(zhǔn)二級(jí)方程,決定系數(shù)為0.98-1.00,計(jì)算求得的理論平衡吸附量與試驗(yàn)中所得最大平衡吸附量結(jié)果基本吻合;不同農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物秸稈生物炭及其鐵改性材料對(duì)As(V)、Cd的等溫吸附過(guò)程符合Freundlich等溫吸附方程,相關(guān)系數(shù)均在0.71以上,這表明這些材料對(duì)于As(V)、Cd的吸附以物理吸附過(guò)程為主,化學(xué)吸附過(guò)程為輔。3.將不同類(lèi)型秸稈(玉米、稻草、雜草)制備的鐵改性生物炭材料按照1%、2%和4%比例添加到土壤中,經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間土壤培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,各比例鐵改性生物炭均可顯著降低土壤中Na HCO3提取態(tài)砷、EDTA提取態(tài)Cd含量,其中,添加量為4%的鐵改性草炭對(duì)砷鎘具有最佳鈍化效果,對(duì)土壤有效態(tài)As、Cd鈍化效率分別為13.5%、42.9%,這種固定效應(yīng)主要與土壤中活性砷、鎘向殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程有關(guān)。4.盆栽試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明,鐵改性生物炭及其與零價(jià)鐵的不同組合配比材料施入土壤后,對(duì)小白菜生長(zhǎng)構(gòu)成明顯影響。與對(duì)照比較,隨著施入土壤鐵改性生物炭量的增加,其生物量也顯著增加(P0.05),而1%處理的生物量有所下降;在鐵改性生物炭與零價(jià)鐵聯(lián)合作用下,作物的生長(zhǎng)得到了明顯改善,增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)明顯,尤其是1%鐵改性生物炭分別與0.1%、0.5%零價(jià)鐵聯(lián)合作用下,生物量相比對(duì)照分別增加了63.4%和71.8%,比零價(jià)鐵單獨(dú)施用時(shí)顯著增加(P0.05)。5.將不同比例的生物炭、鐵改性生物炭及零價(jià)鐵配合施用入土壤后,小白菜吸收砷鎘的狀況也發(fā)生了明顯的變化。單獨(dú)施用鐵改性生物炭可導(dǎo)致小白菜吸收砷鎘的量大大降低,其中,1%及4%處理下的對(duì)砷降低幅度分別達(dá)33.3%、42.9%,相應(yīng)處理對(duì)Cd降低的幅度為27.4%、45.2%。而生物炭處理下,雖然其表現(xiàn)出對(duì)Cd鈍化修復(fù)的良好效果,卻導(dǎo)致植物吸收As含量增加,鐵改性生物炭與零價(jià)鐵的配合施用下,以4%鐵改性生物炭+0.5%零價(jià)鐵處理、1%鐵改性生物炭+0.1%零價(jià)鐵處理、1%鐵改性生物炭+1%零價(jià)鐵處理對(duì)砷鎘超標(biāo)農(nóng)田的鈍化效果較好,其中,1%鐵改性生物炭+1.0%零價(jià)鐵處理下作物吸收砷鎘的量減少了42.9%、74.0%,作物品質(zhì)大大改善。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the heavy metal pollution of land problem has become a wide area of the pollution problem of soil pollution, one of the serious environmental problems. As a simple and effective remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil remediation technology, chemical technology as fast and efficient features such as attention, looking for an efficient passivation passivation material and produce a good performance the agent has become a hot and difficult point of the technology. In this regard, previous research focused on the study of passivation agent for single heavy metal, heavy metal pollution of soil in China showed the compound pollution, especially arsenic cadmium exceed the standard problem, remediation and safety use of arsenic and cadmium exceed the standard of farmland, which has become a prominent problem facing today agro environmental discipline. The arsenic and cadmium exceed the standard farmland as the main research object, screening and preparation of a variety of good adsorption of arsenic and cadmium The function of material properties, and soil culture experiment and pot experiment as a means of various materials on the passivation effect of arsenic and cadmium in soil, clear different materials on arsenic and cadmium exceed the standard farmland regulation effect, the initial establishment of arsenic and cadmium high risk safety farmland utilization pattern, and provide scientific basis for the safe production of arsenic and cadmium exceeded farmland. The main results are as follows: 1. by comparison of different materials in solution As (V) adsorption capacity and Cd, As (V) when the solution concentration is 10mg? L-1, the study found that zero valent iron, iron modified biochar, acid modified red mud, iron modified carbon black on the adsorption capacity of arsenic strong, on As (V) removal rate is over 70%, other materials such as red mud, bentonite, adsorption capacity of natural zeolite is low; in the case of Cd, P in the H of 5.5, Cd concentration is 5mg? L-1 solution, in addition to acid modified bentonite and the adsorption of red mud bentonite is weak, the More than material such as zero valent iron, charcoal and modified biochar on the aqueous solution of Cd removal rate is above 70%. Overall, iron modified biochar, zero valent iron on Cd and As (V) have good adsorption properties of.2. with different types of biological carbon and iron modified materials inspection the research shows that the arsenic cadmium adsorption test, the adsorption process can be well in line with the quasi two stage adsorption kinetic equation, the coefficient of determination was 0.98-1.00, the theory of equilibrium adsorption test and calculate the maximum adsorption capacity results; different agricultural waste straw biochar and iron modified materials of As (V) Cd, the adsorption isotherm accords with Freundlich isotherm equation, the correlation coefficient was above 0.71, which indicates that these materials for As (V), Cd adsorption by physical adsorption process, the adsorption process of.3. will be supplemented by different types of straw (corn, straw, weed) preparation The iron modified biological carbon materials in accordance with the 1%, 2% and 4% was added to the soil, after a period of soil culture test results show that the ratio of iron modified biochar can significantly reduce arsenic extraction Na HCO3 in soil, extractable Cd content, EDTA content which has the best passivation effect on arsenic cadmium is 4% iron modified peat on soil available As, Cd passivation efficiency were 13.5%, 42.9%, the fixed effects mainly in soil and the activity of arsenic, cadmium results transformation process to the residue on the.4. pot experiment showed that iron modified biochar and the different combinations of materials with zero valent iron fertilizer on Chinese cabbage growth, a significant effect. Compared with the control, with the increase in soil iron modified biochar amount, the biomass was also significantly increased (P0.05), and the 1% processing biomass declined; in iron modified charcoal combined with zero valent iron Under the effect of crop growth has been significantly improved, increasing production effect is obvious, especially the 1% iron modified biochar respectively with 0.1%, 0.5% combined effects of zero valent iron, compared to biomass were increased by 63.4% and 71.8%, significantly higher than the single application of zero valent iron (P0.05).5. different ratio of biological carbon, iron modified biochar and zero valent iron fertilizer in soil, arsenic and cadmium uptake by Chinese cabbage status changed significantly. The separate application of iron modified biochar can lead to arsenic and cadmium uptake by Chinese cabbage is greatly reduced, among them, 1% and 4% under the treatment of arsenic decrease up to 33.3%. 42.9%, respectively, corresponding to the decrease of Cd amplitude is 27.4% 45.2%., and biochar, although it showed good effect on Cd remediation, but cause plants to absorb the increase of As content, with the application of iron modified biochar with zero valent iron, biological change in 4% iron Carbon +0.5% zero valent iron processing zero valent iron modified biochar +0.1% 1% iron, 1% iron modified biochar +1% zero valent iron processing better passivation effect on arsenic and cadmium exceed the standard farmland in which 1% iron modified biochar +1.0% zero valent iron treatment of arsenic and cadmium crop absorption decreased by 42.9%. 74%, crop quality is greatly improved.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X53

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