本文關(guān)鍵詞：利用激光雷達(dá)探測(cè)蘭州地區(qū)沙塵和黑碳?xì)馊苣z的研究　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 激光雷達(dá) 沙塵 黑碳 消光 光學(xué)厚度 退偏比

【摘要】：大氣氣溶膠通過其直接、間接和半直接效應(yīng)對(duì)區(qū)域和全球氣候都有重要影響。地處中國(guó)西北半干旱區(qū)的蘭州市是一個(gè)受沙塵天氣影響較多、空氣污染較嚴(yán)重的工業(yè)城市,因此對(duì)這種典型地區(qū)的沙塵和黑碳?xì)馊苣z進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期觀測(cè),分析其分布特征,對(duì)進(jìn)一步研究該區(qū)域氣候變化,具有重要的科學(xué)意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本文利用微脈沖激光雷達(dá)(CE370-2)在蘭州的觀測(cè)資料,分析一次持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的沙塵過程氣溶膠的垂直分布和演變特征,結(jié)合多角度吸收光度計(jì)(MAAP5012)、偏振激光雷達(dá)(L2S-SMⅡ)觀測(cè)資料,分析獲得蘭州地區(qū)采暖期黑碳?xì)馊苣z濃度的日變化、逐日變化和季節(jié)變化,以及采暖期氣溶膠消光系數(shù)和退偏比的垂直分布等定量結(jié)果,為檢驗(yàn)數(shù)值模式模擬能力,調(diào)整參數(shù)化方案,進(jìn)一步提高模式模擬精度,提供有力的支撐。主要結(jié)果如下：(1)無(wú)沙塵個(gè)例分析表明,蘭州市無(wú)沙塵條件下氣溶膠主要集中在1.5km以下,激光雷達(dá)后向散射信號(hào)垂直剖面圖與氣溶膠垂直廓線結(jié)果對(duì)應(yīng)較好。氣溶膠光學(xué)厚度全天整體較小,最大值為0.85,全天波動(dòng)較小,平均為0.42。(2)對(duì)2013年3月8日-2013年3月15日的沙塵過程氣溶膠垂直分布的分析表明,氣溶膠消光系數(shù)的變化與沙塵過程的發(fā)展能夠很好的對(duì)應(yīng),激光雷達(dá)探測(cè)高度基本在3km以內(nèi),沙塵氣溶膠整體分布在lkm以下,沙塵過境前光學(xué)厚度值較小,平均為0.8左右,沙塵過境,AOD值急劇增加,最大達(dá)到3.0,之后轉(zhuǎn)為浮塵天氣,AOD值自9日開始又有所降低,直至3月13日,這期間氣溶膠AOD值呈波動(dòng)變化,減小-增大-減小,最小達(dá)到了0.5,與氣溶膠消光系數(shù)的波動(dòng)變化基本一致。(3)分析同期SACOL榆中觀測(cè)站溫度、相對(duì)濕度的垂直廓線。在低層溫度從270K左右隨高度降低,500-1000m高度存在一個(gè)逆溫,之后基本隨高度呈降低的趨勢(shì),而相對(duì)濕度的變化具有波動(dòng)性。沙塵初期,相對(duì)濕度在低層最大值可達(dá)40%以上,到了沙塵過程中后期,低層的相對(duì)濕度最大值為35%左右。此外,相對(duì)濕度垂直廓線與同期消光系數(shù)垂直廓線變化趨勢(shì)比較相似。(4)利用多角度吸收光度計(jì)觀測(cè)分析了采暖期黑碳?xì)馊苣z濃度日變化、逐日變化和季節(jié)變化,結(jié)果顯示,2009年、2010年及兩年平均冬季黑碳濃度日變化總體呈現(xiàn)雙峰結(jié)構(gòu),且2009年、2010年及兩年平均日變化的總體趨勢(shì)一致,第一個(gè)峰值出現(xiàn)在10：00至12：00之間,2009年最高值達(dá)到3000ng/m3,第二個(gè)峰值出現(xiàn)在20：00至23：00之間,2010年最高值2900ng/m3,谷值都出現(xiàn)在18：00左右。黑碳?xì)馊苣z逐日變化呈U型分布。(5)對(duì)比分析SACOL榆中綜合觀測(cè)站與城市觀測(cè)站同時(shí)期黑碳濃度日變化發(fā)現(xiàn),榆中站和城市站黑碳濃度都呈現(xiàn)出雙峰結(jié)構(gòu)的變化特征,城市站黑碳濃度總體高于榆中站,且城市站黑碳濃度變化波動(dòng)大,采暖期黑碳濃度高于非采暖期。(6)利用偏振激光雷達(dá)(L2S-SM Ⅱ)觀測(cè)分析了采暖期氣溶膠消光系數(shù)和退偏比的垂直分布以及期間光學(xué)厚度的時(shí)間演變。蘭州遠(yuǎn)郊采暖期氣溶膠主要分布在2km以下,在低層1064nm的消光系數(shù)大于532nm的消光系數(shù),反映了低層顆粒的粒徑較大,污染型粒子的退偏比基本小于0.2,退偏比超過0.2的可能為沙塵粒子。(7)2009年采暖期光學(xué)厚度平均值為0.4,比采暖前期增加了60%；2010年采暖期光學(xué)厚度平均值為0.32,增加了23%；2011年采暖期光學(xué)厚度平均值為1.1,采暖前期光學(xué)厚度平均值為0.3,增加了200%多,說明人為源氣溶膠在采暖期占主導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:The atmospheric aerosol through the direct, indirect and semi direct effects have important influence on regional and global climate. Chinese located in semiarid region in the northwest of the city of Lanzhou is a lot under the influence of sand dust weather, air pollution is serious in the industrial city, so the long-term observation of the typical area of the sand dust and black carbon aerosol. Analysis of the distribution characteristics, for further research on the regional climate change has important scientific significance and application value. This paper using micro pulse lidar (CE370-2) in the observation data of Lanzhou, the vertical distribution and evolution characteristics of dust aerosol process analysis of a longer duration, combined with multi angle absorption spectrophotometer (MAAP5012). Polarized laser radar (L2S-SM II) observation data, analysis on the change of black carbon aerosol concentration during the heating period in Lanzhou area, daily and seasonal changes, and the heating period of aerosol fire The optical coefficients and the depolarization ratio of the vertical distribution of quantitative results, to test the ability of numerical simulation, adjust the parameters of the program, to further improve the model simulation accuracy, and provide strong support. The main results are as follows: (1) case analysis shows that no dust, no dust aerosol conditions in Lanzhou city focused on the following 1.5km, laser radar backscatter vertical profiles and aerosol vertical profile results correspond well. The aerosol optical thickness all day long overall smaller, the maximum value is 0.85, all day long small fluctuations, the average is 0.42. (2) analysis of the vertical distribution of dust aerosol process on March 8, 2013 -2013 in March 15th showed that the development and changes of the aerosol extinction coefficient and dust process can good correspondence, the lidar height is less than 3km, the overall distribution of dust aerosol under LKM, dust before crossing the optical thickness is smaller, the average About 0.8, dust transit, AOD value increased sharply, up to 3, after the turn to dust weather, AOD value since 9 day and then decreased, until March 13th, during which the aerosol AOD value fluctuated, decreasing increasing decreasing, the minimum reached 0.5, and the variation of aerosol extinction coefficient is basically the same over the same period. (3) analysis SACOL Yuzhong station temperature, vertical profiles of relative humidity. In the lower temperature from about 270K decrease with height, 500-1000m height is a basic inversion, with height was decreased, and the change of relative humidity is fluctuant. The dust early, relative humidity in low level the maximum value is more than 40%, to the late dust process, the maximum relative humidity in low level is about 35%. In addition, the relative humidity profiles compared with the extinction coefficient profiles change trend is similar. (4) using multi angle absorption photometer Observation and analysis of the variation of black carbon aerosol concentration, heating period, daily and seasonal changes, results show that in 2009 2010, and the average winter diurnal variation of black carbon concentration shows the structure of Shuangfeng, and in 2009, the overall trend of average daily change in 2010 and two years, the first peak is between 10:00 and 12:00, the highest in 2009 the value reached 3000ng/m3, the second peak appeared between 20:00 to 23:00 in 2010, the highest value of 2900ng/m3, the valley value appeared at about 18:00. The daily variation of black carbon aerosol was U distribution. (5) comparative analysis of comprehensive observation station and Yuzhong city SACOL stations at the same time the diurnal variation of the concentration of black carbon, black carbon concentration in Yuzhong station and city stations are showing the variation characteristics of Shuangfeng city station structure, black carbon concentration is higher than that of the Yuzhong station, and city station fluctuation of black carbon concentration, black carbon concentration is higher than the heating period The non heating period. (6) using a polarized laser radar (L2S-SM II) are observed and analyzed during the heating period of the aerosol extinction coefficient and depolarization ratio of vertical distribution and the optical thickness of the time evolution. During the heating period in Lanzhou aerosols mainly distributed in the 2km below is greater than the extinction coefficient 532nm in the number of low layer 1064nm extinction, reflect the lower layer of the larger granule size, the type of pollution particle depolarization ratio is less than 0.2 and the depolarization ratio of more than 0.2 for dust particles. (7) the optical thickness of the heating period in 2009 an average of 0.4, an increase of more than 60% pre heating heating period in 2010; the optical thickness of the average value is 0.32, an increase of 23% the heating period in 2011; the optical thickness of the average value is 1.1, pre heating the optical thickness of the average value is 0.3, an increase of more than 200%, indicating anthropogenic aerosol is dominant in the heating period.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P412.2;X87

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